ArticleToxicology reports2021
Flow cytometry analysis of anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in human plasma.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Standardizing pre-existing anti-PEG antibody detection: A key to clarifying their binding features and clinical relevance.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Think Beyond The Core: Computationally Decoding the Hydrophilic Corona of Drug-Loaded Polymer Micelles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in pregnant women and newborns.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Observational
- Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanocarriers: An Emerging Frontier in Brain Disease Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity Management Strategies for PEGylated Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Implications of Anaphylaxis Following mRNA-LNP Vaccines: It Is Urgent to Eliminate PEG and Find Alternatives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Adverse Impacts of PEGylated Protein Therapeutics: A Targeted Literature Review.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Development of anti-PEG IgG/IgM/IgE ELISA assays for profiling anti-PEG immunoglobulin response in PEG-sensitized individuals and patients with alpha-gal allergy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) as a polyethylene glycol alternative for lipid nanoparticle formulation.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2024Article
- Impact of Pre-existing Anti-polyethylene Glycol Antibodies on the Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (Comirnaty) In Vivo.Biomaterials research · 2024Article
- Detection of Pre-Existing Antibodies to Polyethylene Glycol and PEGylated Liposomes in Human Serum.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- [Biomarkers and functional tests in immediate hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines].Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009) · 2022Review
- Immunophenotyping: Analytical approaches and role in preclinical development of nanomedicines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Toxicity of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols in Sprague Dawley rats.Toxicology letters · 2022Article
- Nanoparticle Surface Engineering with Heparosan Polysaccharide Reduces Serum Protein Adsorption and Enhances Cellular Uptake.Nano letters · 2022Article
- Immediate hypersensitivity to COVID-19 vaccines: Focus on biological diagnosis.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Review
- To PEGylate or not to PEGylate: Immunological properties of nanomedicine's most popular component, polyethylene glycol and its alternatives.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- The role and impact of polyethylene glycol on anaphylactic reactions to COVID-19 nano-vaccines.Nature nanotechnology · 2021Article
- Understanding In Vivo Fate of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines for the Rational Design of Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a biocompatible polymer used in biotherapeutics to increase bioavailability, reduce the frequency of administration, and optimize pharmacokinetics. Anti-PEG antibodies have been detected in healthy individuals and may decrease efficacy and alter the pharmacokinetics of PEGylated therapeutics; however, the prevalence of anti-PEG antibodies is unclear. In this study, a flow cytometry assay was optimized to detect anti-PEG IgG and IgM in human blood plasma. Three hundred (300) plasma samples from healthy blood donors were screened; anti-PEG IgG or IgM was detected in 65.3% of the total population, with 21.3% having anti-PEG IgG, 19.0% having anti-PEG IgM, and 25.0% having both anti-PEG IgG and IgM. The presence of anti-PEG IgG and IgM was confirmed using a 0.5% Tween-20 interference assay, a 20 kDa PEGylated polystyrene bead binding assay, and Western blotting of purified plasma from human IgG and IgM purification columns. The concentrations of anti-PEG IgG and IgM in positive samples ranged from 39 ng/mL to 18.7 μg/mL and 26 ng/mL to 11.6 μg/mL, respectively. The highest prevalence of both anti-IgG and anti-IgM was in individuals 18-24 years of age. The prevalence of anti-PEG IgG and IgM tended to be higher in women but did not differ among races. Age, sex, and race were not associated with the concentrations of anti-PEG IgG or IgM. No correlation was found between anti-PEG IgG and IgM concentrations. Our study indicates that flow cytometry can be used to detect anti-PEG IgG and IgM antibodies in human plasma.
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