Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33436939›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Digital droplet PCR accurately quantifies SARS-CoV-2 viral load from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification.

Harish N Vasudevan, Peng Xu, Venice Servellita, Steve Miller, Leqian Liu, Allan Gopez, Charles Y Chiu, Adam R Abate

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Abundance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
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  15. Detection, Quantification, and Elimination of Wolbachia in Bed Bugs.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Long COVID: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Techniques.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Harish N VasudevanDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peng XuDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Venice ServellitaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steve MillerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Leqian LiuDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Allan GopezDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Charles Y ChiuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Adam R AbateDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA, USA. adam@abatelab.org.

Funding

Pan-Genomic Approaches for Comprehensive Blood Screening of Novel or Emerging Infectious AgentsR01HL105704 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHIU, CHARLES YEN · 2011 to 2020
$5.9M
Gigapixel digital PCR in Giant Unilamellar VesiclesR01EB019453 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ABATE, ADAM R., CHIU, CHARLES YEN · 2014 to 2022
$3.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105704NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019453NIH HHS R01-EB019453NIH HHS R01-HL105704
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus motivates diverse diagnostic approaches due to the novel causative pathogen, incompletely understood clinical sequelae, and limited availability of testing resources. Given the variability in viral load across and within patients, absolute viral load quantification directly from crude lysate is important for diagnosis and surveillance. Here, we investigate the use of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 viral load measurement directly from crude lysate without nucleic acid purification. We demonstrate ddPCR accurately quantifies SARS-CoV-2 standards from purified RNA and multiple sample matrices, including commonly utilized universal transport medium (UTM). In addition, we find ddPCR functions robustly at low input viral copy numbers on nasopharyngeal swab specimens stored in UTM without upfront RNA extraction. We also show ddPCR, but not qPCR, from crude lysate shows high concordance with viral load measurements from purified RNA. Our data suggest ddPCR offers advantages to qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection with higher sensitivity and robustness when using crude lysate rather than purified RNA as input. More broadly, digital droplet assays provide a potential method for nucleic acid measurement and infectious disease diagnosis with limited sample processing, underscoring the utility of such techniques in laboratory medicine.

Indexed as

Viral LoadCOVID-19COVID-19 Nucleic Acid TestingHumansNasal MucosaRNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2Sensitivity and SpecificityRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID33436939
PMCPMC7804156

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.