ArticleScientific reports2021
Ethnic differences in the incidence of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of sutureless and glue-free conjunctival autograft compared with sutured conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Development and External Validation of Machine Learning Models for Diabetic Microvascular Complications: Cross-Sectional Study With Metabolites.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Deep learning algorithms for automatic detection of pterygium using anterior segment photographs from slit-lamp and hand-held cameras.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue.Biology · 2022Review
- Expression profiling suggests the involvement of hormone-related, metabolic, and Wnt signaling pathways in pterygium progression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluated the 6-year incidence and risk factors of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Participants who attended the baseline visit of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (year 2004-2011) and returned six years later, were included in this study. Pterygium was diagnosed based on anterior segment photographs. Incident pterygium was defined as presence of pterygium at 6-year follow-up in either eye, among individuals without pterygium at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with incident pterygium, adjusting for baseline age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, occupation type, educational level, income status, smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The overall age-adjusted 6-year incidence of pterygium was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.6%); with Chinese (1.9%; 95% CI 1.4%-2.5%) having the highest incidence rate followed by Malays (1.4%; 95% CI 0.9%-2.1%) and Indians (0.3%; 95% CI 0.3-0.7%). In multivariable analysis, Chinese (compared with Indians; odds ratio [OR] = 4.21; 95% CI 2.12-9.35) and Malays (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.52-7.45), male (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.26-3.63), outdoor occupation (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.16-4.38), and smoking (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.16-0.87) were significantly associated with incident pterygium. Findings from this multi-ethnic Asian population provide useful information in identifying at-risk individuals for pterygium.
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