ArticleNature communications2021
Co-stimulation with opposing macrophage polarization cues leads to orthogonal secretion programs in individual cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-level transcriptional control of specific macrophage responses.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Regulation of immune signal integration and memory by inflammation-induced chromosome conformation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SIRT6-Mediated Deacetylation of ATF3 Promotes Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Enhancing its Nuclear Import via Binding to Importin α.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- PD-L1 deletion or blockade regulate macrophage antigen presentation and checkpoint molecule surface levels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Interaction of PEGylated gold nanorods with HIF-1α/Ki-67 in inhibiting immunosuppression and arresting cancer proliferation in murine fibrosarcoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tissue signatures of human macrophages during homeostasis and activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- 4D-printed Fe3O4-PLLA scaffolds modulate osteoimmune microenvironment for oral bone repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Lung tissue-resident memory T cells optimize protection by IL-10 regulation of innate immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring macrophage polarization: biological insights, key laboratory techniques and research perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sequential polarization of macrophages: an immunomodulatory strategy for novel bone repair materials.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune phenotypes in brain aneurysms and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Alphavirus replicons encoding IFN-γ enhance cancer virotherapy by overcoming macrophage-mediated suppression.iScience · 2025Article
- Identifying Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Lipocalin-2 as Therapeutic Targets for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- From inflammation to healing: the crucial role of GPR91 activation and SDH inhibition in chronic diabetic wound recovery.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Recombinant cytokine bioconjugates with degradable nanogel substrates for macrophage immunotherapy.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- YTHDC2 manipulates anti-tumoral macrophage polarization and predicts favorable outcomes in triple negative breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Colon cancer exosome-associated HSP90B1 initiates pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver by polarizing M1 macrophage into M2 phenotype.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Innate Immune Memory is Stimulus Specific.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that contribute to fighting infections, tissue repair, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. To enable such functional diversity, macrophages resolve potentially conflicting cues in the microenvironment via mechanisms that are unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to explore how individual macrophages respond when co-stimulated with inflammatory stimuli LPS and IFN-γ and the resolving cytokine IL-4. These co-stimulated macrophages display a distinct global transcriptional program. However, variable negative cross-regulation between some LPS + IFN-γ-specific and IL-4-specific genes results in cell-to-cell heterogeneity in transcription. Interestingly, negative cross-regulation leads to mutually exclusive expression of the T-cell-polarizing cytokine genes Il6 and Il12b versus the IL-4-associated factors Arg1 and Chil3 in single co-stimulated macrophages, and single-cell secretion measurements show that these specialized functions are maintained for at least 48 h. This study suggests that increasing functional diversity in the population is one strategy macrophages use to respond to conflicting environmental cues.
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