Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33436505›Full record

SynthesisSexually transmitted infections2021

Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with

Lisa M Vallely, Dianne Egli-Gany, Handan Wand, William S Pomat, Caroline S E Homer, Rebecca Guy, Bronwyn Silver, Alice R Rumbold, John M Kaldor, Andrew J Vallely and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sexually transmitted infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes associated withSexually transmitted infections · 2022
    Pooled it
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  8. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
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  19. Current Evidence of Maternal Infection With Chlamydia trachomatis and Preeclampsia Risk.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Lisa M Vallely *Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia lvallely@kirby.unsw.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-8247-7683
Dianne Egli-Gany *Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4725-0475
Handan WandBiostatistics and Databases program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
William S PomatPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
Caroline S E HomerMaternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Rebecca GuySurveillance and Evaluation Research, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bronwyn SilverPublic Health Division, Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia.
Alice R RumboldRobinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
John M KaldorPublic Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Andrew J VallelyPublic Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Nicola LowInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4725-0475
UNSW Sydney · AUUniversity of Bern · CHBurnet Institute · AUCentral Land Council · AUPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research · PGThe University of Adelaide · AU

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/N006089/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine associations between DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for studies published between 1948 and 14 January 2020.

methodsStudies were included if they reported testing for NG during pregnancy and compared pregnancy, perinatal and/or neonatal outcomes between women with and without NG. Two reviewers independently assessed papers for inclusion and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists for each study design. Summary ORs with 95% CIs were generated using random effects models for both crude and, where available, adjusted associations.

resultsWe identified 2593 records and included 30 in meta-analyses. Women with NG were more likely to experience preterm birth (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.99, n=18 studies); premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92, n=9); perinatal mortality (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.46, n=9); low birth weight (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.48, n=8) and ophthalmia neonatorum (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36 to 13.04, n=6). Summary adjusted ORs were, for preterm birth 1.90 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.19, n=5) and for low birth weight 1.48 (95% CI 0.79 to 2.77, n=4). In studies with a multivariable analysis, age was the variable most commonly adjusted for. NG was more strongly associated with preterm birth in low-income and middle-income countries (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.48, n=7) than in high-income countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83, n=11).

conclusionsNG is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes. Further research should be done to determine the role of NG in different perinatal mortality outcomes because interventions that reduce mortality will have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42016050962.

Indexed as

Abortion, SpontaneousFemaleGonorrheaHumansInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornNeisseria gonorrhoeaeOphthalmia NeonatorumPerinatal MortalityPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPremature Rupture of Fetal Membranesmeta-analysisNeisseria gonorrhoeaepregnancypremature birthsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID33436505
PMCPMC7892372
OpenAlexW3022244054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.