Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33435711›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2022

Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Artificial Intelligence and Handheld Smartphone-Based Retinal Camera.

Fernando Korn Malerbi, Rafael Ernane Andrade, Paulo Henrique Morales, José Augusto Stuchi, Diego Lencione, Jean Vitor de Paulo, Mayana Pereira Carvalho, Fabrícia Silva Nunes, Roseanne Montargil Rocha, Daniel A Ferraz and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
11.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. A comprehensive review on automated diabetic retinopathy detection and classification using fundus image.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Fernando Korn MalerbiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6523-5172
Rafael Ernane AndradeDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Paulo Henrique MoralesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
José Augusto StuchiPhelcom Technologies, São Carlos, Brazil.
Diego LencionePhelcom Technologies, São Carlos, Brazil.
Jean Vitor de PauloPhelcom Technologies, São Carlos, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9155-9800
Mayana Pereira CarvalhoState University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
Fabrícia Silva NunesState University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
Roseanne Montargil RochaState University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
Daniel A FerrazInstituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisas em Oftalmologia, IPEPO, Vision Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rubens BelfortDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Instituto da Visão · BRUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz · BRInstituto de Olhos de Goiânia · BRMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPortable retinal cameras and deep learning (DL) algorithms are novel tools adopted by diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a DL algorithm and the performance of portable handheld retinal cameras in the detection of DR in a large and heterogenous type 2 diabetes population in a real-world, high burden setting.

methodParticipants underwent fundus photographs of both eyes with a portable retinal camera (Phelcom Eyer). Classification of DR was performed by human reading and a DL algorithm (PhelcomNet), consisting of a convolutional neural network trained on a dataset of fundus images captured exclusively with the portable device; both methods were compared. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for more than mild DR.

resultsA total of 824 individuals with type 2 diabetes were enrolled at Itabuna Diabetes Campaign, a subset of 679 (82.4%) of whom could be fully assessed. The algorithm sensitivity/specificity was 97.8 % (95% CI 96.7-98.9)/61.4 % (95% CI 57.7-65.1); AUC was 0·89. All false negative cases were classified as moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) by human grading.

conclusionsThe DL algorithm reached a good diagnostic accuracy for more than mild DR in a real-world, high burden setting. The performance of the handheld portable retinal camera was adequate, with over 80% of individuals presenting with images of sufficient quality. Portable devices and artificial intelligence tools may increase coverage of DR screening programs.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyArtificial IntelligenceHumansMass ScreeningPhotographySmartphoneartificial intelligenceCovid-19diabetic retinopathymobile healthcarepoint-of-carescreeningtelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID33435711
PMCPMC9294565
OpenAlexW3119237119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.