ReviewNon-coding RNA2021
Exosomes in Immune Regulation.
Review in Non-coding RNA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The circTIMP2/miR-106a/TIMP2 tumor-suppressive axis versus tumor-derived exosomal counteraction in gastric cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Exosome Therapy: A Promising Avenue for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Exosomal Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Overview of Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications in Malignant and Non-Malignant Disorders.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of Exosomes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Review
- Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Shaping the next era of stroke treatment.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2023Article
- Communicator Extraordinaire: Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumor Microenvironment Are Essential Local and Long-Distance Mediators of Cancer Metastasis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Retroviral b-Zip protein (HBZ) contributes to the release of soluble and exosomal immune checkpoint molecules in the context of neuroinflammation.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles from the CNS play pivotal roles in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration: lessons fromExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Macrophage - tumor cell interaction beyond cytokines.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Conventional and Nonconventional Sources of Exosomes-Isolation Methods and Influence on Their Downstream Biomedical Application.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Non-coding RNA in rhabdomyosarcoma progression and metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Noninvasive Delivery of Biologicals to the Brain.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2022Article
- Hepatic Clearance of Cell-Free DNA: Possible Impact on Early Metastasis Diagnosis.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2021Review
- Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication by transferring their cargo including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids from cell to cell. Notably, in the immune system, they have protective functions. However in cancer, exosomes acquire new, immunosuppressive properties that cause the dysregulation of immune cells and immune escape of tumor cells supporting cancer progression and metastasis. Therefore, current investigations focus on the regulation of exosome levels for immunotherapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the role of exosomes in immunomodulation of lymphoid and myeloid cells, and their use as immune stimulatory agents to elicit specific cytotoxic responses against the tumor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.