ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Superior Properties of N-Acetylcysteine Ethyl Ester over N-Acetyl Cysteine to Prevent Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Oxidative Damage.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the Significance of Cystatin C and Bunina Bodies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress causes a reversible decrease of deubiquitylases activity in old vertebrate brains.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A gel-forming antioxidant eye drop for photoreceptor protection in retinitis pigmentosa.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic retinopathy: mechanistic insights and emerging therapies.Biological research · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and the eye: bridging the gap between cell death and vision preservation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- N-acetyl-l-cysteine ethyl ester (NACET) induces the transcription factor NRF2 and prevents retinal aging and diabetic retinopathy.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Protects Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Cells from Death and DNA Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Retinal Gatekeepers: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Role of Cysteine and Selenocysteine.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- MAPK15 PreventsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Topical Instillation of N-Acetylcysteine and N-Acetylcysteine Amide Impedes Age-Related Lens Opacity in Mice.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Sodium butyrate inhibits activation of ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and angiogenesis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Blood Based Vascular Marker Responses to OcufolinBiomarker insights · 2025Article
- NRF2 activation by cysteine as a survival mechanism for triple-negative breast cancer cells.Oncogene · 2024Article
- The Reducing Agent Dithiothreitol Modulates the Ventilatory Responses That Occur in Freely Moving Rats during and following a Hypoxic-Hypercapnic Challenge.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Role of Glutathione in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Determination ofSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The cell-permeant antioxidant D-thiol ester D-cysteine ethyl ester overcomes physical dependence to morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The role of N-acetylcysteine in osteogenic microenvironment for bone tissue engineering.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- How to Increase Cellular Glutathione.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- L-cysteine ethyl ester prevents and reverses acquired physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy, which are the major causes of irreversible blindness in developed countries. An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can directly cause functional and morphological impairments in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), endothelial cells, and retinal ganglion cells. Antioxidants may represent a preventive/therapeutic strategy and reduce the risk of progression of AMD. Among antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is widely studied and has been proposed to have therapeutic benefit in treating AMD by mitigating oxidative damage in RPE. Here, we demonstrate that N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester (NACET), a lipophilic cell-permeable cysteine derivative, increases the viability in oxidative stressed RPE cells more efficiently than NAC by reacting directly and more rapidly with oxidizing agents, and that NACET, but not NAC, pretreatment predisposes RPE cells to oxidative stress resistance and increases the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) pool available to act as natural antioxidant defense. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of NACET to increase GSH levels in rats' eyes after oral administration. In conclusion, even if experiments in AMD animal models are still needed, our data suggest that NACET may play an important role in preventing and treating retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress, and may represent a valid and more efficient alternative to NAC in therapeutic protocols in which NAC has already shown promising results.
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Registered trials
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