ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Pediatric Setting.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- DAT-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia following acute hepatitis a in a pediatric patient with elevated IgA: a rare case report and literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- A Case Report of a 14-year-old Boy with Mixed-type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Cold clues in pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Childhood isolated C3d-positive AIHA: favorable prognosis but rare relapse or associated immunodeficiency.Blood advances · 2026Article
- How Severe is Severe Enough? Organ Failure Rather Than Anemia Severity as a Potential Threshold for Complement Inhibition in Pediatric Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria: A Case Report.Case reports in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real-world single-center data from Korea.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pediatric Cold Agglutinin Syndrome in the Post-COVID19 Era.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2025Article
- The Discovery of New Antibody in Autoimmune Disease Using a Novel Approach of Coombs Test Based on Flow Cytometry Method.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A single-center retrospective study.Hematology, transfusion and cell therapy · 2024Article
- Life-Threatening Recurrence of Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in a Child During Influenza A Infection.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Hematological manifestation of Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - A single centered cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Inborn Errors of Immunity and Genetics: An Evolving Arena.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia in paediatric patients of a tertiary care hospital in Mexico: molecular diagnostic and clinical insights.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia as a Rare and Potentially Serious Complication of Crohn's Disease in a 11-Year-Old Child-Case Report and Minireview.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Rare case of refractory mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 6-year-old child: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity in Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID).Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Review
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Pediatric Age Group: The Egyptian Experience.Annals of hematology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease in children, presenting with variable severity. Most commonly, warm-reactive IgG antibodies bind erythrocytes at 37 °C and induce opsonization and phagocytosis mainly by the splenic macrophages, causing warm AIHA (w-AIHA). Post-infectious cold-reactive antibodies can also lead to hemolysis following the patient's exposure to cold temperatures, causing cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) due to IgM autoantibodies, or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) due to atypical IgG autoantibodies which bind their target RBC antigen and fix complement at 4 °C. Cold-reactive antibodies mainly induce intravascular hemolysis after complement activation. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is the gold standard for AIHA diagnosis; however, DAT negative results are seen in up to 11% of warm AIHA, highlighting the need to pursue further evaluation in cases with a phenotype compatible with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia despite negative DAT. Prompt supportive care, initiation of treatment with steroids for w-AIHA, and transfusion if necessary for symptomatic or fast-evolving anemia is crucial for a positive outcome. w-AIHA in children is often secondary to underlying immune dysregulation syndromes and thus, screening for such disorders is recommended at presentation, before initiating treatment with immunosuppressants, to determine prognosis and optimize long-term management potentially with novel targeted medications.
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Registered trials
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