ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Role of Exendin-4 in Brain Insulin Resistance, Mitochondrial Function, and Neurite Outgrowth in Neurons under Palmitic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Direct effects of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function in human-derived in vitro models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Exendin-4 protects brain endothelial cell damage against hyperammonemic condition.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Beyond diabetes and obesity: GLP-1 receptor agonists in disrupting the vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Intervention Strategies of Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Exendin-4 as a multi-target therapy for Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome-induced brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Brain insulin resistance: a key pathological hub linking metabolic and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Investigating GLP-1 Injections: Potential Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Non-Diabetic Patients Presenting with Migraines and Hypoglycemia: A Case Report.Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Exendin-4 Prevents Memory Loss and Neuronal Death in Rats with Sporadic Alzheimer-Like Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Positive Effects of Adiponectin, BDNF, and GLP-1 on Cortical Neurons Counteracting Palmitic Acid Induced Neurotoxicity.Clinical nutrition research · 2024Article
- Exenatide-Modified Deferoxamine-Based Nanoparticles Ameliorates Neurological Deficits in Parkinson's Disease Mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- The Influence of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors on Mitochondrial Activity, Lipid Content, and Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein Levels in Microglial HMC3 Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Attenuation of estrogen and its receptors in the post-menopausal stage exacerbates dyslipidemia and leads to cognitive impairment.Molecular brain · 2023Article
- Profiling and Cellular Analyses of Obesity-Related circRNAs in Neurons and Glia under Obesity-like In Vitro Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Cellular Lipotoxicity.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Liraglutide Counteracts Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Palmitate-Treated Hypothalamic Neurons without Restoring Mitochondrial Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by the gut and brain, and is currently being used as a therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity, suggesting that it regulates abnormal appetite patterns, and ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism. Many researchers have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective effects against brain damage. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid, and increases the risk of neuroinflammation, lipotoxicity, impaired glucose metabolism, and cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated whether or not Exentin-4 (Ex-4; GLP-1 agonist) inhibits higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line under PA-induced apoptosis conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment with Ex-4 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells prevents neural apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through several cellular signal pathways. In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Additionally, our imaging data showed that neuronal morphology is improved by EX-4 treatment, in spite of PA-induced neuronal damage. Furthermore, we identified that Ex-4 inhibits neuronal damage and enhanced neural complexity, such as neurite length, secondary branches, and number of neurites from soma in PA-treated SH-SY5Y. We observed that Ex-4 significantly increases neural complexity, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and development in PA treated primary cortical neurons. Hence, we suggest that GLP-1 administration may be a crucial therapeutic solution for improving neuropathology in the obese brain.
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