ReviewNutrients2021
Evolution of the Human Diet and Its Impact on Gut Microbiota, Immune Responses, and Brain Health.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of dietary phosphorus supplementation on postprandial metabolic outcomes: a systematic review.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota, probiotics, and migraine: a clinical review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Pooled it
- Neurobiological insights into the effects of ultra-processed food on lipid metabolism and associated mental health conditions: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of soluble corn fiber supplementation for children with asthma.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Older Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Triple-Blind Clinical Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Exploring the Gut-Brain Connection: Are Probiotics the Next Frontier in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Immunoprotective and neuroprotective properties of gut microbiome in psoriasis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Temporal shifts in polygenic traits track major epidemics in Western Eurasia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selection for Function in Early Life: Implications for Early-Onset Pathologies.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Short-term high-fat diet impairs anterograde and retrograde memory consolidation, but not retrieval in aged rats.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Metabolic Dysfunction: A Narrative Review of Dietary Processing, Behavioral Drivers and Chronic Disease Risk.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Modulating depression through the gut-brain axis: the role of gut microbiota in therapeutic interventions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Environmental Stressors and Neuroinflammation: Linking Climate Change to Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Association Between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: Mediation Effects of Albumin and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Triangular Relationship Among Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Double-Edged Sword: Urbanization and Response of Amniote Gut Microbiome in the Anthropocene.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Bacterial Composition of the Gut Microbiota of Mexicans with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Human Digestive Physiology and Evolutionary Diet: A Metabolomic Perspective on Carnivorous and Scavenger Adaptations.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Association between the dietary index for gut microbiota and constipation in American adults.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The relatively rapid shift from consuming preagricultural wild foods for thousands of years, to consuming postindustrial semi-processed and ultra-processed foods endemic of the Western world less than 200 years ago did not allow for evolutionary adaptation of the commensal microbial species that inhabit the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and this has significantly impacted gut health. The human gut microbiota, the diverse and dynamic population of microbes, has been demonstrated to have extensive and important interactions with the digestive, immune, and nervous systems. Western diet-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been shown to negatively impact human digestive physiology, to have pathogenic effects on the immune system, and, in turn, cause exaggerated neuroinflammation. Given the tremendous amount of evidence linking neuroinflammation with neural dysfunction, it is no surprise that the Western diet has been implicated in the development of many diseases and disorders of the brain, including memory impairments, neurodegenerative disorders, and depression. In this review, we discuss each of these concepts to understand how what we eat can lead to cognitive and psychiatric diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.