SynthesisInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of CSF analysis that defines Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19.
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What it found
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concomitant Guillain-Barré Syndrome and COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Cases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Severe central nervous system injury in 9 children with COVID-19.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- COVID-19-associated serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in post- versus para-infectious SARS-CoV-2-related Guillain-Barré syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Neurological Involvement in Children with COVID-19 and MIS-C: A Retrospective Study Conducted for More than Two Years in a Pediatric Hospital.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2022Review
- Renal, cardiac, neurological, cutaneous and coagulopathic long-term manifestations of COVID-19 after recovery; A review.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Review
- The choroid plexus and its role in the pathogenesis of neurological infections.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Approaches to the Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity in the CNS and the Aged Brain Specific Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19: a multicenter study of 150 lumbar punctures in 127 patients.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Brain cortical alterations in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Is there a difference between GBS triggered by COVID-19 and those of other origins?The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Covid-19, nervous system pathology, and Parkinson's disease: Bench to bedside.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Utilization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Analysis in the Diagnosis of Meningioma: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2021Review
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A comprehensive literature review and discussion of mechanisms.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid: Presentation of two cases and review of literature.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLimited literature exists on Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of CSF findings in patients with COVID-19 to understand prognosis and explore therapeutic options.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using the keywords "SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid" and "SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complications"" for reports of CSF findings in COVID-19 related neurological manifestations. Descriptive analyses were conducted to observe the CSF protein and cell counts based on age, gender, severity, fatality of COVID-19, and whether central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) was associated.
resultsA total of 113 patients were identified from 67 studies. Of these, 7 patients (6.2%) were fatal COVID-19 cases and 35 patients (31%) were considered severe COVID-19 cases. CSF protein was elevated in 100% (7/7) of the fatal cases with an average of 61.28 mg/dl and in 65.0% (52/80) in non-fatal cases with an average 56.73 mg/dl. CSF protein levels were elevated in 74.5% (38/51) patients with non-severe COVID-19 and 68.6% (24/35) in those with a severe COVID-19 infection. CSF cell count was increased in 43% of fatal cases, 25.7% severe cases, and 29.4% of non-severe cases.
conclusionOur analysis showed that the most common CSF findings situation in COVID-19 infection is elevated protein with, very occasionally, mild lymphocyte predominant pleocytosis. Further studies to elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological complications in COVID-19 are recommended.
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Registered trials
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