Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33434556›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of medicine2021

Race-Specific Comparisons of Antihypertensive and Metabolic Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone.

Lakshmi Manasa S Chekka, Arlene B Chapman, John G Gums, Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff, Julie A Johnson

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Comparative efficacy and safety of chlorthalidoneWorld journal of cardiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Hydrochlorothiazide Is America's Most Popular Thiazide, But Should It Be?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lakshmi Manasa S ChekkaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Arlene B ChapmanDivision of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Illinois.
John G GumsDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoffDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Julie A JohnsonDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Electronic address: julie.johnson@ufl.edu.
University of Florida · USUniversity of Chicago · US

Funding

Mayo Clinic Center for Translational Science ActivitiesUL1TR000135 · NCATS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KHOSLA, SUNDEEP · 2012 to 2015
$41.2M
Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8M
Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive ResponsesU01GM074492 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI JOHNSON, JULIE A. · 2005 to 2014
$20.7M
UF Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000064 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI NELSON, DAVID R · 2012 to 2014
$12.2M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000064NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000135NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NIGMS NIH HHS U01 GM074492
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChlorthalidone is recommended over hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as the preferred thiazide, but the supporting evidence is not robust at routinely used doses, or in whites vs blacks, in whom differences in response to thiazides are well known. We compare the efficacy and safety of HCTZ and chlorthalidone as first-line therapies for white and black hypertensive patients.

methodsWe compared treatment-related outcomes between the HCTZ arm (12.5 mg for 2-3 weeks; 25 mg for additional 6 weeks) of the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR, n = 376) and chlorthalidone arm (15 mg for 2 weeks; 25 mg for additional 6 weeks) of PEAR-2 (n = 326) clinical trials, in 17-65-year-old mild-moderate uncomplicated hypertensive whites and blacks.

resultsMean systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) reduction with HCTZ vs chlorthalidone: 8 ± 8/4 ± 5 vs 12 ± 9/7 ± 5 mm Hg in whites (P < 10

conclusionCompared with HCTZ, chlorthalidone showed greater blood pressure lowering and adverse metabolic effects in whites, but similar blood pressure lowering and greater adverse effects in blacks; suggesting that the recent guideline recommendations to choose chlorthalidone over HCTZ may not be warranted in blacks.

Indexed as

Race FactorsAdultAntihypertensive AgentsChlorthalidoneFemaleHumansHydrochlorothiazideHypertensionMaleMetabolic DiseasesMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisProspective StudiesAntihypertensive AgentsChlorthalidoneHydrochlorothiazideBlood pressure responseChlorthalidoneHydrochlorothiazideMetabolic effectsRaceThiazide diuretics

Identifiers

PMID33434556
PMCPMC8243781
OpenAlexW3119555993

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.