ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2021
Electrostatic resistance to alpha-neurotoxins conferred by charge reversal mutations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rabies virus glycoprotein variants modulate neuronal nicotinic receptors in a conformation-dependent manner.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Make Acetylcholine Great Again! Australian Skinks Evolved Multiple Neurotoxin-Proof Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Defiance of Snake Venom.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bite First, Bleed Later: How PhilippineToxins · 2025Article
- High-Voltage Toxin'Roll: Electrostatic Charge Repulsion as a Dynamic Venom Resistance Trait in Pythonid Snakes.Toxins · 2024Article
- A Russian Doll of Resistance: Nested Gains and Losses of Venom Immunity in Varanid Lizards.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Resistance Is Not Futile: Widespread Convergent Evolution of Resistance to Alpha-Neurotoxic Snake Venoms in Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Venom biotechnology: casting light on nature's deadliest weapons using synthetic biology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Diverse and Dynamic Alpha-Neurotoxicity Within Venoms from the Palearctic Viperid Snake Clade of Daboia, Macrovipera, Montivipera, and Vipera.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
- Widespread convergent evolution of alpha-neurotoxin resistance in African mammals.Biology letters · 2022Article
- Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Review
- Article
- Monkeying around with venom: an increased resistance to α-neurotoxins supports an evolutionary arms race between Afro-Asian primates and sympatric cobras.BMC biology · 2021Article
- BoaγPLI from Boa constrictor Blood is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Venom PLAJournal of chemical ecology · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Not Goanna Get Me: Mutations in the Savannah Monitor Lizard (Varanus exanthematicus) Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Confer Reduced Susceptibility to Sympatric Cobra Venoms.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Electric Blue: Molecular Evolution of Three-Finger Toxins in the Long-Glanded Coral Snake SpeciesToxins · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The evolution of venom resistance through coevolutionary chemical arms races has arisen multiple times throughout animalia. Prior documentation of resistance to snake venom α-neurotoxins consists of the N-glycosylation motif or the hypothesized introduction of arginine at positions 187 at the α-1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor orthosteric site. However, no further studies have investigated the possibility of other potential forms of resistance. Using a biolayer interferometry assay, we first confirm that the previously hypothesized resistance conferred by arginine at position 187 in the honey badger does reduce binding to α-neurotoxins, which has never been functionally tested. We further discovered a novel form of α-neurotoxin resistance conferred by charge reversal mutations, whereby a negatively charged amino acid is replaced by the positively charged amino acid lysine. As venom α-neurotoxins have evolved strong positive charges on their surface to facilitate binding to the negatively charged α-1 orthosteric site, these mutations result in a positive charge/positive charge interaction electrostatically repelling the α-neurotoxins. Such a novel mechanism for resistance has gone completely undiscovered, yet this form of resistance has convergently evolved at least 10 times within snakes. These coevolutionary innovations seem to have arisen through convergent phenotypes to ultimately evolve a similar biophysical mechanism of resistance across snakes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.