ArticleBrain and behavior2021
Phenotypic characterization of frontal cortex microglia in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Voluntary versus forced exercise modulates anxiety‑like behaviors and hippocampal inflammation gene expression following traumatic stress in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Social hierarchy and resilience affect stress-induced PTSD via Uba7 gene expression and subsequent inflammation in microglia of the mPFC.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immune imbalance in the human hippocampus in PTSD revealed by single-nucleus transcriptomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Focus on Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia's Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Duration of Reduction in Enduring Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia Via FKBP51 Inhibition Depends on Timing of Administration Relative to Traumatic Stress Exposure.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- S-Ketamine Pretreatment Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Mechanical Allodynia and Blocks the Pro-inflammatory Response in Striatum and Periaqueductal Gray From a Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Model.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sex-dependent effects of microglial reduction on impaired fear extinction induced by single prolonged stress.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Phenotypic characterization of frontal cortex microglia in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder induced by psychologically traumatic events. Using a rat model, this study aimed to determine whether psychological trauma alters relative expression between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in microglia. To meet this goal, expression of genes encoding i-NOS, arginase, TNF-α, interleukin-10, CD74, and Mannose Receptor C was analyzed on multiple days following trauma exposure.
methodsSingle-prolonged stress (SPS) was used to model PTSD in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats (12 Controls and 12 SPS-exposed) were sacrificed on Days 1, 3, and 7 post-SPS. Twenty-four (12 Controls and 12 SPS-exposed) additional rats were exposed to classical fear conditioning on Day 7, and fear extinction on Days 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, and 17. Freezing behavior was measured to assess fear resolution. Microglial isolates were collected from the frontal cortex, and RNA was extracted. Changes in relative expression of target genes were quantified via RT-PCR.
resultsSPS rats showed significant decreases in IL-10 and TNF-α expression and increases in the i-NOS:Arginase and TNF-α:IL-10 ratios compared to Controls on Day 1, but not on Day 3 or Day 7 for any of the dependent variables. Day 17 SPS rats showed a significant decrease in IL-10 expression and an increase in the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio, further characterized by a significant inverse relationship between IL-10 expression and fear persistence.
conclusionPsychological trauma impacts the immunological phenotype of microglia of the frontal cortex. Consequently, future studies should further evaluate the mechanistic role of microglia in PTSD pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.