ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2021
Measurement of clinical documentation burden among physicians and nurses using electronic health records: a scoping review.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 141 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Ambient Artificial Intelligence Scribe Technologies to Improve Documentation Efficiency and Reduce Physician Burnout
Emergency Medicine Practitioners Overall Well-being Enhancement With Ambient AI Scribes
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Natural language generation in healthcare: A review of methods and applications.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence on artificial intelligence-assisted clinical documentation and healthcare workers' emotional wellbeing at work: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence-based speech recognition for clinical documentation: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Pooled it
- Measuring Documentation Burden in Healthcare.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions to Reduce Electronic Health Record-Related Burnout: A Systematic Review.Applied clinical informatics · 2024Pooled it
- Venous Access: National Guideline and Registry Development (VANGUARD): Advancing Patient-Centered Venous Access Care Through the Development of a National Coordinated Registry Network.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Guideline
- The impact of a 5G-based smart nursing information system and associated mobile hardware on clinical nurses' work stress: a randomized controlled study in a Chinese hospital.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Trial
- A behavioral intervention to promote use of multimodal pain medication for hospitalized patients: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of hospital medicine · 2023Trial
- Implementing Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Ambient Documentation Technology for Ambulatory Clinicians: An Innovation Evaluation.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- An evidence-informed framework for workforce well-being and burnout prevention in emergency medicine.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of Digital Transformation on Nursing Professional Experience: Critical Interpretive Synthesis Review Developing the Fragmented Professional Transition in Nursing (FPT-N) Model.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2026Review
- The Triple Burden of Administrative Tasks Among US Family Medicine Physicians-A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Implementation Readiness for National Cancer Survivorship Care Standards.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Socio-Technical Mechanisms Shaping AI Scribe Documentation Failures: A Netnographic Study.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Optimizing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Clinic Flow: A Prospective Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Scribe Technology.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- [Keeping track of things: large language models for patient synopses : Source-bound system for clinical information systems].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Leveraging artificial intelligence to streamline documentation and support patient-centered gynecologic oncology outpatient visits.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Feasibility of Tailoring Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Ambient Scribes for Intensive Care Unit Rounds: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Custom GPT-Based Artificial Intelligence Clinical Decision Support System for Emergency Department Interdepartmental Consultation Automation.Healthcare informatics research · 2026Article
- Validating large language model-assisted data extraction from clinical notes.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background.
objectiveElectronic health records (EHRs) are linked with documentation burden resulting in clinician burnout. While clear classifications and validated measures of burnout exist, documentation burden remains ill-defined and inconsistently measured. We aim to conduct a scoping review focused on identifying approaches to documentation burden measurement and their characteristics. MATERIALS AND
methodsBased on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews (ScR) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review assessing MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to April 2020 for studies investigating documentation burden among physicians and nurses in ambulatory or inpatient settings. Two reviewers evaluated each potentially relevant study for inclusion/exclusion criteria.
resultsOf the 3482 articles retrieved, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. We identified 15 measurement characteristics, including 7 effort constructs: EHR usage and workload, clinical documentation/review, EHR work after hours and remotely, administrative tasks, cognitively cumbersome work, fragmentation of workflow, and patient interaction. We uncovered 4 time constructs: average time, proportion of time, timeliness of completion, activity rate, and 11 units of analysis. Only 45.0% of studies assessed the impact of EHRs on clinicians and/or patients and 40.0% mentioned clinician burnout. DISCUSSION: Standard and validated measures of documentation burden are lacking. While time and effort were the core concepts measured, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach nor degree of rigor to study documentation burden.
conclusionFurther research is needed to reliably operationalize the concept of documentation burden, explore best practices for measurement, and standardize its use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.