ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
A robust platform for expansion and genome editing of primary human natural killer cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Endogenous reprogramming of NK cell activation signal via base editing.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-based repair of a heterozygous HNF1A mutation in patient-derived hiPSCs.Human genetics · 2026Article
- Surfaceome CRISPR activation screening uncovers ligands regulating tumor sensitivity to NK cell killing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cytokine-induced expandable memory NK cells with significant metabolic, epigenetic remodeling, and persistence properties.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Non-viral targeted integration at the CISH locus enables CAR-NK cell engineering with enhanced anti-tumor activity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Circumventing IFN-γ induced resistance in ovarian cancer with a double-hit: NKG2A knockout of PRAME-TCR expressing NK cells.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Engineering NK and T cells with metabolite-sensing receptors to target solid tumors.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide CRISPR screens in primary human natural killer cells identify countermeasures against immunosuppressive environment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Base Editing of TIGIT Reprograms CD155 Signaling in Natural Killer Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Article
- Feeder-free ex vivo expansion of cord blood-derived natural killer cells for enhanced proliferation and functional maturation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dual Regulation of Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Bottlenecks and Breakthroughs in NK Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based development of a cytotoxicity prediction model for NK cell therapy in cancers.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Natural killer cells in adoptive cell therapy: current landscape of genetic engineering strategies.Oncoimmunology · 2025Review
- Scalable production process development for NK cells targeting large-scale expansion.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- Site-specific genome engineering of primary human natural killer cells for programmable anti-tumor function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- TIGIT Affects CAR NK-cell Effector Function in the Solid Tumor Microenvironment by Modulating Immune Synapse Strength.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Overcoming Immune Barriers in Allogeneic CAR-NK Therapy: From Multiplex Gene Editing to AI-Driven Precision Design.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Virus-free CRISPR knockin of a chimeric antigen receptor into KLRC1 generates potent GD2-specific natural killer cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genome editing is a powerful technique for delineating complex signaling circuitry and enhancing the functionality of immune cells for immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are potent immune effectors against cell malignancy, but they are challenging to modify genetically by conventional methods due to the toxicity of DNA when introduced into cells coupled with limited transfection and transduction efficiency. Here, we describe an integrated platform that streamlines feeder-free ex vivo expansion of cryopreserved primary human NK cells and nonviral genome editing by the nucleofection of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 RNPs). The optimized Cas9 nucleofection protocol allows efficient and multiplex gene knockout in NK cells while preserving high cell viability and negligible off-target effects. Cointroduction of a DNA template also enables in-frame gene knock-in of an HA affinity tag and a gfp reporter across multiple loci. This work demonstrates the advantages and flexibility of working with cryopreserved NK cells as potential off-the-shelf engineered therapeutic agents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.