SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Functional Impairments and Theory of Mind Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of the Associations.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Spontaneous mentalizing in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Psychopathology and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Disentangling the Relationships Between the Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Theory of Mind: A Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Predicting Social Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia: A Hierarchical Analysis of Pharmacogenetic, Clinical, and Environmental Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Behavioral differences in cooperation between patients with schizophrenia and control participants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The relationship between mental state decoding and real-world social functioning - An experience sampling investigation.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Social inclusion profiles in first episode psychosis and their links to social cognition and symptoms: A cluster analysis approach.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Delusional Experiences Emerging From AI Chatbot Interactions or "AI Psychosis".JMIR mental health · 2025Review
- Theory-of-mind improvement in schizophrenia after integrative cognitive remediation: which patients benefit more?Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Loneliness and self-concept in the relations between Theory of Mind and social anhedonia in adolescents.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- Understanding functioning in schizophrenia through the lens of social cognition: a phenomenological study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- International perspective on social cognition in schizophrenia: current stage and the next steps.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Altered neural response to social awkwardness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Training individuals with schizophrenia to gain volitional control of the theory of mind network with real-time fMRI: A pilot study.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2024Article
- A computational signature of self-other mergence in Borderline Personality Disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Navigating Social Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Protocol for a Pilot Pre-Post Quasi-Experimental Study for Remote Avatar-Assisted Cognitive Remediation Therapy.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Functional Impairment, Attachment, and Affective Temperaments in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Exploring Personal Recovery in Schizophrenia: The Role of Mentalization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Associations between theory of mind and clinical symptoms in recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with major functioning difficulties. Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to infer the mental states of others, is an important determinant of functioning. However, the contribution of ToM to each specific domain of functioning remains to be better understood. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to document and compare the magnitude of the associations between ToM and (1) different domains of functioning (social functioning, productive activities, and instrumental activities of daily living), each assessed separately for functional performance and functional outcome and (2) different aspects of functioning (functional performance and functional outcome) in schizophrenia. Fifty-nine studies (N = 4369) published between 1980 and May 2019 targeting patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged between 18 and 65 years old were included. Studies were retrieved from seven databases. Correlations were extracted from the articles, transformed into effect sizes Zr and combined as weighted and unweighted means. The strength of the associations between the domains and aspects of functioning were compared using focused tests. A moderate association was observed between ToM and all domains of functioning, with a stronger association between ToM and productive activities compared with social functioning (only for functional outcome [χ2(2) = 6.43, P = 0.040]). Regarding the different aspects of functioning, a stronger association was observed between ToM and functional performance, compared with functional outcome, for overall functioning (χ2(1) = 13.77, P < 0.001) and social functioning (χ2(1) = 18.21, P < 0.001). The results highlight a stronger association of ToM with productive activities and with functional performance, which should be considered in future studies to improve functional recovery in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.