ArticleNature chemical biology2021
Robust direct digital-to-biological data storage in living cells.
Article in Nature chemical biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Programmable one-pot polymerase-mediated DNA synthesis via temperature control.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in non-canonical nucleic acids data storage.Nature communications · 2026Review
- A digital DNA system favours the superiority of unidirectional inheritance over 'Lamarckian' inheritance.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Liquid crystal-guided DNA information storage: Nondestructive recovery and long-term preservation.Science advances · 2025Article
- A compact cassette tape for DNA-based data storage.Science advances · 2025Article
- Electrochemistry as a Tool for Redox-Based Bio-Information Processing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- How many plasmids can bacteria carry? A synthetic biology perspective.Open biology · 2025Review
- Deep mutational scanning identifies Cas1 and Cas2 variants that enhance type II-A CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DNA storage: The future direction for medical cold data storage.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Review
- Post-translational digital data encoding into the genomes of mammalian cell populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A Novel DNA-Based Dual-Mode Data Storage System with Interrelated Concise and Detailed Data.Small science · 2024Article
- Toward DNA-Based Recording of Biological Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- A DNA circuit that records molecular events.Science advances · 2024Article
- Storage-D: A user-friendly platform that enables practical and personalized DNA data storage.iMeta · 2024Article
- "Cell Disk" DNA Storage System Capable of Random Reading and Rewriting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- DNA as a universal chemical substrate for computing and data storage.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2024Review
- A designer synthetic chromosome fragment functions in moss.Nature plants · 2024Article
- Accelerating Genetic Sensor Development, Scale-up, and Deployment Using Synthetic Biology.Biodesign research · 2024Article
- Assessing spacer acquisition rates inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
DNA has been the predominant information storage medium for biology and holds great promise as a next-generation high-density data medium in the digital era. Currently, the vast majority of DNA-based data storage approaches rely on in vitro DNA synthesis. As such, there are limited methods to encode digital data into the chromosomes of living cells in a single step. Here, we describe a new electrogenetic framework for direct storage of digital data in living cells. Using an engineered redox-responsive CRISPR adaptation system, we encoded binary data in 3-bit units into CRISPR arrays of bacterial cells by electrical stimulation. We demonstrate multiplex data encoding into barcoded cell populations to yield meaningful information storage and capacity up to 72 bits, which can be maintained over many generations in natural open environments. This work establishes a direct digital-to-biological data storage framework and advances our capacity for information exchange between silicon- and carbon-based entities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.