ArticleNature biotechnology2021
Targeting herpes simplex virus with CRISPR-Cas9 cures herpetic stromal keratitis in mice.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in ocular health: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic strategies.Biology direct · 2026Pooled it
- Topical and Systemic Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Oral Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- In vivo CRISPR gene editing in patients with herpetic stromal keratitis.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Trial
- Synthetic β-amino acid polymer promoting keratocyte adhesion and corneal regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Host Genetic Susceptibility and Antiviral Immunity Shape the Pathogenesis and Outcomes of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Biology · 2026Review
- Topical application of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins inhibits corneal neovascularization in a mouse model of alkali burn injury.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Genome Editing: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- Engineered circular RNA compatible with complete nucleoside modification and rolling circle translation through a Cap-independent translation enhancer.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-mediated precision delivery of mRNA.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Expanding the Microbial Genomic Landscape and Biotechnological Applications of CRISPR-Cas Systems.Biology · 2026Review
- Gene therapy strategies in ophthalmology-an overview of current developments and future prospects.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Review
- DNA and RNA editing for the therapy of human diseases: current status, challenges, and future prospects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Downstream Purification Strategies for Virus-like Particles: A Systematic Review of Structure Preservation, Impurity Control, and Viral Safety.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutics in Early Clinical Development: Delivery and Molecular Diagnostics.Cells · 2026Review
- SGK2 mediates apoptosis in herpes simplex keratitis by suppressing protective autophagy via the mTOR pathway.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Nature Inspired Delivery Vehicles for CRISPR-Based Genome Editing.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Anatomically Guided Non-Viral CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery in the Eye: Overcoming Barriers for Precision Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- IL-33-Driven Macrophage Reprogramming as a Potential Immunometabolic Strategy for Herpes Simplex Keratitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of infectious blindness. Current treatments for HSV-1 do not eliminate the virus from the site of infection or latent reservoirs in the trigeminal ganglia. Here, we target HSV-1 genomes directly using mRNA-carrying lentiviral particles that simultaneously deliver SpCas9 mRNA and viral-gene-targeting guide RNAs (designated HSV-1-erasing lentiviral particles, termed HELP). We show that HELP efficiently blocks HSV-1 replication and the occurrence of herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) in three different infection models. HELP was capable of eliminating the viral reservoir via retrograde transport from corneas to trigeminal ganglia. Additionally, HELP inhibited viral replication in human-derived corneas without causing off-target effects, as determined by whole-genome sequencing. These results support the potential clinical utility of HELP for treating refractory HSK.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.