Trial reportEye (London, England)2021
Botulinum neurotoxin injections in essential infantile esotropia-a comparative study with surgery in large-angle deviations.
Trial report in Eye (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin injection versus bilateral medial rectus recession for comitant esotropia: a meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions for infantile esotropia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Efficacy of Amblyopia Treatments in Children Up to Seven Years Old: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- The incidence, clinical features, and management of essential infantile esotropia in the United Kingdom. A British Ophthalmology Surveillance Unit (BOSU) study.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Treatment of Infantile Esotropia - Comparison Between Botulinum Toxin A and Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession.Beyoglu eye journal · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin augmented bilateral lateral rectus recession versus three muscles surgery in large-angle intermittent exotropia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Cost comparison between botulinum neurotoxin and surgery in the treatment of infantile esotropia in a tertiary public hospital.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Essential Infantile Esotropia: A Course of Treatment From Our Experience.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare botulinum neurotoxin (BNT) injections to surgery as first-line therapy in large-angle essential infantile esotropia (IE). PATIENTS AND
methodsChildren between the ages 6 months and 6 years with IE of ≥40 prism dioptres (PD) were randomised to either a maximum of three BNT injections or surgical intervention of bimedial rectus muscle recession for angles ≤60 PD and augmented with BNT injection in angles >60 PD. Time taken for each procedure was documented. Orthophoria or misalignment of ≤10 PD was regarded as a complete response (CR). Follow-up visits were done at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks.
resultsMean (SD) age and baseline angle of esotropia were 26.9 (14.5) months and 61.9 PD (12.8), respectively, for the overall cohort. The proportion of children who achieved CR was significantly higher in the surgery arm compared to the BNT injection arm (OR = 4.01, 95% CI 1.74-9.22) but the time taken was six times longer (p < 0.0001). In the BNT arm, 55.2% of children aged ≤24 months and 16% of children >24 months achieved CR. In children with esotropia ≤60 PD, CR was achieved in 50% while those with esotropia >60 PD CR was achieved in 25%.
conclusionSurgery remains the gold standard for treatment of esotropia but BNT injection is a safe and effective alternative in children ≤24 m and with smaller angles of esotropia ≤60 PD in resource-limited centres.
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