Trial reportPediatric research2021
Transfusions and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low gestation neonates enrolled in the PENUT Trial: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Pediatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes after red cell transfusion exposure in male versus female extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes after red cell transfusion exposure in male versus female extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Enteral Iron Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and its Positive Correlation with Neurodevelopment; Post Hoc Analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Association of blood component transfusions with neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants by gestational age.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- School-age neurodevelopmental outcomes after non-emergency red blood cell transfusions in preterm infants: a propensity score-matched study from the Epipage 2 cohort.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Optimising transfusion practices in preterm neonates using gestational age and birth weight-based prediction model: a retrospective cohort study from India.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Observational
- Impact of red blood cell transfusion and transfusion strategies on clinical outcomes in extremely low gestational age neonates.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Three studies needed to inform the design of the U-BET (umbilical cord blood for extremely low-gestational-age transfusions) clinical trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Red blood cell transfusion exacerbates phlebotomy-induced anemia-associated neuroinflammation in murine neonates.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut-Brain Axis in Preterm Infants with Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis.American journal of perinatology · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective effects of caffeine, erythropoietin, magnesium sulfate, and thyroxine in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cord red blood cell transfusions for severe retinopathy in preterm neonates in Italy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- CMRI-detected brain injuries and clinical key risk factors associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Physiological versus time based cord clamping in very preterm infants (ABC3): a parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled superiority trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Minimizing blood sampling in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with anemia of prematurity requiring red blood cell transfusion in very low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Red Blood Cell Transfusion in European Neonatal Intensive Care Units, 2022 to 2023.JAMA network open · 2024Observational
- The role of erythropoietin to prevent red blood cell transfusion in a 2018-2020 two-center cohort of preterm infants.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOutcomes of extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) may be adversely impacted by packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions. We investigated the impact of transfusions on neurodevelopmental outcome in the Preterm Erythropoietin (Epo) Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial population.
methodsThis is a post hoc analysis of 936 infants 24-0/6 to 27-6/7 weeks' gestation enrolled in the PENUT Trial. Epo 1000 U/kg or placebo was given every 48 h × 6 doses, followed by 400 U/kg or sham injections 3 times a week through 32 weeks postmenstrual age. Six hundred and twenty-eight (315 placebo, 313 Epo) survived and were assessed at 2 years of age. We evaluated associations between BSID-III scores and the number and volume of pRBC transfusions.
resultsEach transfusion was associated with a decrease in mean cognitive score of 0.96 (95% CI of [-1.34, -0.57]), a decrease in mean motor score of 1.51 (-1.91, -1.12), and a decrease in mean language score of 1.10 (-1.54, -0.66). Significant negative associations between BSID-III score and transfusion volume and donor exposure were observed in the placebo group but not in the Epo group.
conclusionsTransfusions in ELGANs were associated with worse outcomes. We speculate that strategies to minimize the need for transfusions may improve outcomes. IMPACT: Transfusion number, volume, and donor exposure in the neonatal period are associated with worse neurodevelopmental (ND) outcome at 2 years of age, as assessed by the Bayley Infant Scales of Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). The impact of neonatal packed red blood cell transfusions on the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants is unknown. We speculate that strategies to minimize the need for transfusions may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.