Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33431925›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Online media reveals a global problem of discarded containers as deadly traps for animals.

Krzysztof Kolenda, Monika Pawlik, Natalia Kuśmierek, Adrian Smolis, Marcin Kadej

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Krzysztof KolendaAmphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-9867
Monika PawlikDepartment of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
Natalia KuśmierekDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-7371
Adrian SmolisDepartment of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-0268
Marcin KadejDepartment of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland. marcin.kadej@uwr.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-0402
University of Wrocław · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The widespread occurrence of litter is a severe threat to global ecosystems. We have analyzed online media, to assess the diversity of animals that are prone to getting trapped in discarded containers and check which kind of containers is the most common trap for animals. A total of 503 records from around the world (51 countries, 6 continents) have been found. These include invertebrates (17 taxa, ca.1050 dead individuals), and vertebrates (98 taxa, 496 individuals including 44 carcasses). The latter group was most frequently represented by mammals (78.5% of all cases), then reptiles (15.3%), birds (1.2%), fish (1.0%) and amphibians (0.4%). Nearly 12.5% of the determined vertebrates are classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered, according to the IUCN. Although most trapped individuals were smaller animals, bigger ones such as monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) or large carnivores were also recorded. In most cases, animals were trapped in glass or plastic jars (32.4%), drink cans (16.5%), and steel cans (16.3%). Our results demonstrate that discarded containers can be a threat to all major groups of animals. In order to address this phenomenon, it is necessary to decrease a global production of debris, implement container deposit legislation and organize repeatable cleanup actions.

Indexed as

InternationalitySocial MediaAnimalsConservation of Natural ResourcesEcosystemEnvironmental PollutantsEnvironmental Pollutants

Identifiers

PMID33431925
PMCPMC7801720
OpenAlexW3120619903

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.