Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33431820›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

BET inhibition disrupts transcription but retains enhancer-promoter contact.

Nicholas T Crump, Erica Ballabio, Laura Godfrey, Ross Thorne, Emmanouela Repapi, Jon Kerry, Marta Tapia, Peng Hua, Christoffer Lagerholm, Panagis Filippakopoulos and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Is Enhancer Function Driven by Protein-Protein Interactions? From Bacteria to Leukemia.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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  20. Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Nicholas T CrumpMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9610-6763
Erica BallabioMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Laura GodfreyMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Ross ThorneMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Emmanouela RepapiMRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8085-0731
Jon KerryMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Marta TapiaMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Peng HuaMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3774-5033
Christoffer LagerholmWolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
Panagis FilippakopoulosStructural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
James O J DaviesMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4108-4357
Thomas A MilneMRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK. thomas.milne@imm.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-0413-4271
University of Oxford · GBUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_UU_00016/6Medical Research Council MC_UU_12009/6Medical Research Council MR/N010051/1Medical Research Council MR/R008108Medical Research Council MR/R008108/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Enhancers are DNA sequences that enable complex temporal and tissue-specific regulation of genes in higher eukaryotes. Although it is not entirely clear how enhancer-promoter interactions can increase gene expression, this proximity has been observed in multiple systems at multiple loci and is thought to be essential for the maintenance of gene expression. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) and Mediator proteins have been shown capable of forming phase condensates and are thought to be essential for super-enhancer function. Here, we show that targeting of cells with inhibitors of BET proteins or pharmacological degradation of BET protein Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has a strong impact on transcription but very little impact on enhancer-promoter interactions. Dissolving phase condensates reduces BRD4 and Mediator binding at enhancers and can also strongly affect gene transcription, without disrupting enhancer-promoter interactions. These results suggest that activation of transcription and maintenance of enhancer-promoter interactions are separable events. Our findings further indicate that enhancer-promoter interactions are not dependent on high levels of BRD4 and Mediator, and are likely maintained by a complex set of factors including additional activator complexes and, at some sites, CTCF and cohesin.

Indexed as

Enhancer Elements, GeneticPromoter Regions, GeneticTranscription, GeneticCarcinogenesisCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsCell Line, TumorChromatinChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneCohesinsDNA-Binding ProteinsGlycolsHistonesHumansLeukemiaModels, GeneticCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsChromatinChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneCohesinsDNA-Binding ProteinsGlycolshexamethylene glycolHistonesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycRAD21 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID33431820
PMCPMC7801379
OpenAlexW2990311636

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.