ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021
Clinical and genetic differences between bipolar disorder type 1 and 2 in multiplex families.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Polygenic risk scores for severe psychiatric disorders in bipolar disorders: associations with the clinical and dimensional expression, interactions with childhood maltreatment and mediation models.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD).Cells · 2025Review
- Dissecting causal relationships between cortical morphology and neuropsychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- The relationships between impulsivity and mood in bipolar disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Managing a Complex Case of Bipolar Disorder in a Patient With Recurrent Hospitalizations.Cureus · 2024Article
- Network dysfunction of sadness facial expression processing and morphometry in euthymic bipolar disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- White and gray matter alterations in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder subtypes compared with healthy controls - exploring associations with disease course and polygenic risk.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Impulsivity, decision-making, and risk behavior in bipolar disorder and major depression from bipolar multiplex families.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- A characteristic cerebellar biosignature for bipolar disorder, identified with fully automatic machine learning.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Differential characteristics of bipolar I and II disorders: a retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of clinical features, illness course, and response to treatment.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2023Article
- Clinicodemographic correlates of psychotic features in bipolar disorder - a multicenter study in China.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Bipolar I and bipolar II subtypes in older age: Results from the Global Aging and Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder (GAGE-BD) project.Bipolar disorders · 2023Article
- Polygenic Risk Scores for Bipolar Disorder: Progress and Perspectives.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- Bipolar disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-Eleventh version: A review of the changes, their basis, and usefulness.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Differences between bipolar disorder types 1 and 2 support the DSM two-syndrome concept.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2022Article
- Outcomes of Hospitalized Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) in Patients With Bipolar 1 Disorder (B1D).Cureus · 2022Article
- Genomic and neuroimaging approaches to bipolar disorder.BJPsych open · 2022Review
- Social and environmental variables as predictors of mania: a review of longitudinal research findings.Discover mental health · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The two major subtypes of bipolar disorder (BD), BD-I and BD-II, are distinguished based on the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes. Historically, BD-II was perceived as a less severe form of BD-I. Recent research has challenged this concept of a severity continuum. Studies in large samples of unrelated patients have described clinical and genetic differences between the subtypes. Besides an increased schizophrenia polygenic risk load in BD-I, these studies also observed an increased depression risk load in BD-II patients. The present study assessed whether such clinical and genetic differences are also found in BD patients from multiplex families, which exhibit reduced genetic and environmental heterogeneity. Comparing 252 BD-I and 75 BD-II patients from the Andalusian Bipolar Family (ABiF) study, the clinical course, symptoms during depressive and manic episodes, and psychiatric comorbidities were analyzed. Furthermore, polygenic risk scores (PRS) for BD, schizophrenia, and depression were assessed. BD-I patients not only suffered from more severe symptoms during manic episodes but also more frequently showed incapacity during depressive episodes. A higher BD PRS was significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Moreover, BD-I cases exhibited lower depression PRS. In line with a severity continuum from BD-II to BD-I, our results link BD-I to a more pronounced clinical presentation in both mania and depression and indicate that the polygenic risk load of BD predisposes to more severe disorder characteristics. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the genetic risk burden for depression also shapes disorder presentation and increases the likelihood of BD-II subtype development.
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