Trial reportThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2021
Prostate-specific antigen testing and opportunistic prostate cancer screening: a cohort study in England, 1998-2017.
Trial report in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prostate Cancer Screening in Contemporary Era: PSA-Based Testing and Risk-Adapted Approaches.Cancers · 2026Review
- Trends and Patterns in Prostate Cancer Diagnostics During the Era of MRI Implementation - Real-world Evidence From a Population-based Study in the Stockholm Region, Sweden 2010-2023.European urology open science · 2026Article
- CRLF1 Drives Prostate Cancer Progression via COMP-Mediated Activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.Cancers · 2026Article
- Prostate specific antigen retesting intervals and trends in England: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Is it time for Canada to revisit its approach to prostate cancer screening?Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of prostate cancer in elderly from 1990 to 2021: results from global burden of disease 2021.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Recent Patterns and Trends in Global Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality: An Update.European urology · 2025Article
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing in a general practice 2009-2019.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer screening with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing: A retrospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Early economic evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer detection in primary care.BJUI compass · 2024Article
- Variation in harms and benefits of prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer by socio-clinical risk factors: A rapid review.BJUI compass · 2024Review
- Association between patient ethnicity and prostate cancer diagnosis following a prostate-specific antigen test: a cohort study of 730,000 men in primary care in the UK.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening on Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China: 13-Year Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Trends in diagnostic tests ordered for children: a retrospective analysis of 1.7 million laboratory test requests in Oxfordshire, UK from 2005 to 2019.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Article
- Article
- Screening for prostate cancer: evidence, ongoing trials, policies and knowledge gaps.BMJ oncology · 2023Review
- Serum PSA-based early detection of prostate cancer in Europe and globally: past, present and future.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- Development and validation of clinical prediction models for breast cancer incidence and mortality: a protocol for a dual cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- General practitioners' reflections on using PSA for diagnosis of prostate cancer. A qualitative study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2022Article
- Prostate-specific antigen testing and opportunistic prostate cancer screening - informed consent.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProstate cancer is a leading cause of cancer- related death. Interpreting the results from trials of screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is complex in terms of defining optimal prostate cancer screening policy.
aimTo assess the rates of, and factors associated with, the uptake of PSA testing and opportunistic screening (that is, a PSA test in the absence of any symptoms) in England between 1998 and 2017, and to estimate the likely rates of pre-randomisation screening and contamination (that is, unscheduled screening in the 'control' arm) of the UK-based Cluster Randomised Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer (CAP). DESIGN AND
settingOpen cohort study of men in England aged 40-75 years at cohort entry (1998-2017), undertaken using the QResearch database.
methodEligible men were followed for up to 19 years. Rates of PSA testing and opportunistic PSA screening were calculated; Cox regression was used to estimate associations.
resultsThe cohort comprised 2 808 477 men, of whom 631 426 had a total of 1 720 855 PSA tests. The authors identified that 410 724 men had opportunistic PSA screening. Cumulative proportions of uptake of opportunistic screening in the cohort were 9.96% at 5 years', 22.71% at 10 years', and 44.13% at 19 years' follow-up. The potential rate of contamination in the CAP control arm was estimated at 24.50%.
conclusionA substantial number of men in England opt in to opportunistic prostate cancer screening, despite uncertainty regarding its efficacy and harms. The rate of opportunistic prostate cancer screening in the population is likely to have contaminated the CAP trial, making it difficult to interpret the results.
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