ArticleResearch in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP2021
Will they, or Won't they? Examining patients' vaccine intention for flu and COVID-19 using the Health Belief Model.
Article in Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06229444 (Predict + Protect), which is not on this map. Cited by 149 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Predict + Protect: A Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring the Effectiveness of a Predictive Health Education Intervention on the Adoption of Protective Behaviors Related to Influenza-like Illness (ILI)
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthy behavior of pregnant women: review and integrated model conceptualization.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Vaccine hesitancy in context of COVID-19 in East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A systematic review.Journal of infection and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Acceptance Rate of Covid-19 Vaccine and its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Motivation and challenges in decision making for gastrostomy tube placement and use: a focus on patients with cancer and dysphagia.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Chronic Health Conditions and Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among Native Americans in Oklahoma in the RADx-UP Consortium.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The role of three important psychosocial factors on adherence to lung cancer screening recommendations in high-risk populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Vaccine Uptake and Attitudes Among Parents Compared to Other Adults.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2026Article
- Understanding determinants of parental HPV vaccine hesitancy under a municipal free vaccination program in Guangzhou, China.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Factors influencing influenza vaccine hesitancy among cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study based on the Health Belief Model.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccination Behavior Among Older Adults in China: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Building Vaccine Readiness for Future Pandemics: Insights from COVID-19 Vaccine Intent and Uptake.Vaccines · 2025Article
- How Healthcare Teams Appear to the Observer-An Approach to the Complexities of Mask-Wearing Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Utilization of Provider-Patient Communication Tools and Approaches to Facilitate Vaccine Confidence: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Vaccine hesitancy and decision regret among nurses in oncology settings in Italy: a cluster-based profile analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating concurrency and gaps between self-report and vaccine card data for COVID-19 vaccination.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Psychometric Analysis of Items Evaluating Health Belief Model Constructs in Social Media Posts: Application of Rasch Measurement Model.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 testing and vaccination: a qualitative focus group study among Rhode Island's Latine/Hispanic community.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe twindemic of influenza and COVID-19 places pharmacists in a position of high-impact to inform and manage vaccination uptake. Given prior vaccine hesitancy in the US and the current high impact of COVID-19 on the population, it is imperative to understand and address factors that drive perceptions and intention to get vaccinated.
objectivesThe objectives of the study were to 1) determine impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccine uptake, on patient perceptions of vaccinations, vaccine intention, and health behaviors and 2) determine vaccine intention through the Health Belief Model.
methodsAn IRB-approved prospective Qualtrics-based survey was administered online to eligible respondents: non-pregnant panel respondents 18 years or older within the United States who could independently complete the entire questionnaire in English. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, psychometric analyses of the 5C and CoBQ tools, one-way ANOVA to compare demographic groups and vaccine intention items with survey scores, and mapping and path analysis of the HBM with one added domain (Decision Making Determinant, DMD).
results525 respondents completed the survey from October 23-29, 2020. Respondents aged 18-49, making less than $20,000 or an undisclosed income, and not having anyone close to them directly affected by COVID-19 showed a significant, negative impact of COVID-19 on health behavior and a significantly lower vaccine acceptance. The 5C and CoBQ showed moderately strong reliability. Mapping for the HBM revealed significant correlations between all modifying factors with Individual Perceptions except for Race/Ethnicity. Of the Individual Perceptions, Perceived Benefits (-.114) and Perceived Barriers (.307) significantly predicted DMD and directly impacted Vaccine Intention. DMD was not a significant mediator of Vaccination Intention.
conclusionsVaccination messaging should focus on a simple yet balanced view of benefits and risks, targeting those under age 50 and living in low-income households, to motivate uptake of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.