ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2021
Inferential challenges when assessing racial/ethnic health disparities in environmental research.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hazardous Environmental Pollutants and Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review on the Consideration of Race and Ethnicity in Environmental Epidemiology Research.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Two Years of Ocrelizumab Treatment in Black and Hispanic People with Multiple Sclerosis in CHIMES: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial.Annals of neurology · 2026Trial
- Within- and between-study site variations in ambient air pollution exposure at ages 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- The use of race and ethnicity in air pollution epidemiology and methodological recommendations: A scoping review focusing on California.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Review
- Covariate adjustment in LGBTQ+ health disparities research: aligning methods with assumptions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Assessing the Influence of Redlining on Intergenerational Wealth and Body Mass Index Through a Quasi-experimental Framework.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Racial differences in odds of asthma exacerbations among Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized adults with asthma.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Article
- Disparities in Misclassification of Race and Ethnicity in Electronic Medical Records Among Patients with Traumatic Injury.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Association between fine particulate matter (PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Disparities in air pollution attributable mortality in the US population by race/ethnicity and sociodemographic factors.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Maternal periconceptional exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and neural tube defects in offspring.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Associations of prenatal ambient air pollution exposures with asthma in middle childhood.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and geographic variation in mortality attributable to air pollution in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Recommendations for the responsible use and communication of race and ethnicity in neuroimaging research.Nature neuroscience · 2024Review
- Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Decolonizing Epidemiological Research: A Critical Perspective.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluating Race in Air Pollution and Health Research: Race, PMCurrent environmental health reports · 2023Review
- Exposure to Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits During the First Year of Life Among Preterm and Full-term Infants.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional Comparison of Disparities by Race Using White vs Hispanic as Reference Among Children and Youths With Developmental Disabilities Referred for Speech Therapy.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have documented environmental health disparities according to race/ethnicity (R/E) to inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing these disparities. Yet, the use of R/E under the potential outcomes framework implies numerous underlying assumptions for epidemiologic studies that are often not carefully considered in environmental health research. In this commentary, we describe the current state of thinking about the interpretation of R/E variables in etiologic studies. We then discuss how such variables are commonly used in environmental epidemiology. We observed three main uses for R/E: i) as a confounder, ii) as an effect measure modifier and iii) as the main exposure of interest either through descriptive analysis or under a causal framework. We identified some common methodological concerns in each case and provided some practical solutions. The use of R/E in observational studies requires particular cautions in terms of formal interpretation and this commentary aims at providing a practical resource for future studies assessing racial/ethnic health disparities in environmental research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.