Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33430792›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021

Comparison of two electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems in promoting hand hygiene of healthcare workers in the intensive care unit.

Xiao Zhong, Dong-Li Wang, Li-Hua Xiao, Lan-Fang Mo, Qing-Fei Wu, Yan-Wei Chen, Xiao-Feng Luo

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Veterinary Clinics as Reservoirs forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiao ZhongDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China. 187197283@qq.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-1665
Dong-Li WangInspection center, Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Li-Hua XiaoDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China.
Lan-Fang MoDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China.
Qing-Fei WuDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China.
Yan-Wei ChenDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China.
Xiao-Feng LuoDepartment of Nosocomial Infection Control, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518106, Guangdong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHand hygiene (HH) is the cornerstone of infection control, and the promotion of HH is the focus of the world. The study aims to compare the role of two different types of electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems (EHHMSs) in promoting HH of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

methodsIn a 16-bed ICU of a general tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, the research was divided into three stages with interrupted time series (ITS) design. In the first stage, the direct observation method was used to monitor and feed back the HH compliance rate of HCWs monthly. In the second stage, the type1 EHHMS was applied to monitor and feed back the individual number of HH events monthly. In the third stage, the type2 EHHMS with a function of instant reminder and feedback was employed, and the personal HH compliance rates were fed back monthly. Meanwhile, direct observation continued in the last two stages.

resultsIn the second stage, The HH compliance rate increased. However, there was no significant difference in the trajectory of the rate compared with the first stage. In the first month of the third stage, the HH compliance rate increased by 12.324% immediately and then ascended by 1.242% over time. The number of HH events per bed day and HH products' consumption per bed day were consistent with the change of HH compliance rate observed.

conclusionMonitoring and feedback can improve the HH of HCWs. The EHHMS, with the function of real-time reminders and feedback, has a more noticeable effect on promoting HH.

Indexed as

Electrical Equipment and SuppliesHealth PersonnelIntensive Care UnitsAdultChinaCross InfectionFeedbackFemaleHand HygieneHealth BehaviorHealth PromotionHumansInfection ControlInterrupted Time Series AnalysisMaleReminder SystemsElectronic hand hygiene monitoring systemsHand hygieneInfection prevent and controlInterrupted time series analyseReminder and feedback

Identifiers

PMID33430792
PMCPMC7802277

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.