ArticleCells2021
Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on the Functions of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as emerging anti-inflammatory agents: mechanisms, therapeutic advances, and future directions-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Gold and silver nanoparticles for safe and effective biomedical applications.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Application Advances of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics: From Physicochemical Mechanisms to Multifunctional Nanoplatforms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Vaccines: The Use of Gold Nanoparticles.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Research progress on the advantages, mechanisms and design strategies of nanomaterials for immunomodulatory angiogenesis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Gold Nanoparticles: Impacts on Immune Cells and Mechanisms of Action.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Near-infrared II nanomaterials for hypoxic TME diagnosis and therapy.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Recombinant cytokine bioconjugates with degradable nanogel substrates for macrophage immunotherapy.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Gold nanoparticles modulate macrophage polarization to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle-Driven Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration Through Macrophage-Muscle Stem Cell Interaction.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Inorganic Nanomaterials Meet the Immune System: An Intricate Balance.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Gold Nanoparticles as a Platform for Delivery of Immunogenic Peptides to THP-1 Derived Macrophages: Insights into Nanotoxicity.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Gold Nanoparticle Inhibits the Tumor-Associated Macrophage M2 Polarization by Inhibiting mAnalytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2025Article
- The impact of macrophage phenotype and heterogeneity on the total internalized gold nanoparticle counts.Nanoscale advances · 2024Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccination: A Multidisciplinary Perspective.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Biomedical application of TiOCell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)-Toxicity, Safety and Green Synthesis: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Gold Nanoparticles: Construction for Drug Delivery and Application in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Evaluating the immunogenicity of gold nanoparticles conjugated RBD with Freund's adjuvant as a potential vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in many biomedical applications. Their safety is recognised; however, their effects on the immune system remain ill defined. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are immune cells specialised in sensing external stimulus and in capturing exogenous materials then delivering signals for the immune responses. We used primary macrophages (Ms) and dendritic cells (DCs) of mice as an APC model. Whereas AuNPs did not alter significantly Ms and DCs functions, the exposure to AuNPs affected differently Ms and DCs in their responses to subsequent stimulations. The secretion of inflammatory molecules like cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), chemokine (MCP-1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were altered differently in Ms and DCs. Furthermore, the metabolic activity of Ms was affected with the increase of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, while only a minor effect was seen on DCs. Antigen presentation to T cells increased when DCs were exposed to AuNPs leading to stronger Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. In conclusion, our data provide new insights into the complexity of the effects of AuNPs on the immune system. Although AuNPs may be considered as devoid of significant effect, they may induce discrete modifications on some functions that can differ among the immune cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.