ArticleToxins2021
Indoxyl Sulfate Mediates the Low Inducibility of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Hemodialysis Patients.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paeoniflorin alleviates CKD-associated constipation by modulating TPH1/AHR-related signaling and suppressing NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeting Inflammatory Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Resolution Mediators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Macrophage Toxicity and Therapeutic Strategies in Uremic Atherosclerosis.Toxins · 2024Review
- Serum total indoxyl sulfate levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2022Article
- Involvement of Inflammasome Components in Kidney Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Induce Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent and Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Production in Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells.Biomedicines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is responsible for the maturation of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Despite the study about basal activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hemodialysis (HD) patients, little is known about its inducibility in the milieu of uremia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 11 HD patients and 14 volunteers without a history of chronic kidney disease, as well as macrophages with or without the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) pretreatment, underwent canonical NLRP3 inflammasome induction. Despite the high plasma levels of IL-1β in HD patients, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the PBMCs of HD patients remained predominantly immature and were not secreted in response to the canonical stimulus. In addition, while IS alone facilitated the inflammasome-independent secretion of IL-1β from macrophages, IS exposure before induction reduced the inducibility of the NLRP3 inflammasome, characterized by insufficient maturation of caspase-1. The low expression of inflammasome components, which was observed in both IS-pretreated cells and the PBMCs of HD patients, was probably responsible for the low inducibility.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.