ReviewMicroorganisms2021
Intravenous Immunoglobulins at the Crossroad of Autoimmunity and Viral Infections.
Review in Microorganisms, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Personalized management of platelet transfusion refractoriness: risk factors, cross-matching, and IVIG strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Sterility, safety, and preventive efficacy of three polyvalent hyperimmune sera against bacterial infection in a white mouse challenge model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Preparation and evaluation of homologous IgG on canine parvovirus.Iranian journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 detection via metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid/sputum in lymphoma patients receiving B-cell-depleting therapy: a case report of two cases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Plasma exchange plus glucocorticoids in the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis: A case series and review.Clinical cardiology · 2023Review
- Review
- Have Diagnostics, Therapies, and Vaccines Made the Difference in the Pandemic Evolution of COVID-19 in Comparison with "Spanish Flu"?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Tocilizumab for Severe COVID-19 Infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults and Children.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Review of therapeutic mechanisms and applications based on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2022Article
- The youngest surviving COVID-19 patient: A case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2022Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential for HNP-1, HBD-1 and HBD-4 in Pregnant Women with COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Impact of Hypogammaglobulinemia on the Course of COVID-19 in a Non-Intensive Care Setting: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-cytokine storm neutralizing antibody therapies against COVID-19: Update, challenges, and perspectives.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Editorial for Special Issue: Microbial and Autoimmune Disease.Microorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) are blood preparations pooled from the plasma of donors that have been first employed as replacement therapy in immunodeficiency. IVIG interact at multiple levels with the different components of the immune system and exert their activity against infections. Passive immunotherapy includes convalescent plasma from subjects who have recovered from infection, hyperimmune globulin formulations with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). IVIG are used for the prevention and treatment of several infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, or in case of a poorly responsive immune system. The evolution of IVIG from a source of passive immunity to a powerful immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agent results in extensive applications in autoimmune diseases. IVIG composition depends on the antibodies of the donor population and the alterations of protein structure due to the processing of plasma. The anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity of IVIG has led us to think that they may represent a useful therapeutic tool even in COVID-19. The human origin of IVIG carries specific criticalities including risks of blood products, supply, and elevated costs. IVIG can be useful in critically ill patients, as well as early empirical treatment. To date, the need for further well-designed studies stating protocols and the efficacy/tolerability profile of IVIG and convalescent plasma in selected situations are awaited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.