ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Pulmonary Targeting of Inhalable Moxifloxacin Microspheres for Effective Management of Tuberculosis.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Terpene-Enriched Nitazoxanide-Loaded Chondrosomes: Aerodynamic Characterization and In Silico Evaluation of Antiviral Activity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dry Powder Inhaler of Sustained-Release Microspheres Containing Glycyrrhizin: Factorial Design and Optimization.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- From Bacterial Extract to Breakthrough Therapy:Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Development and Optimization of Myricetin Loaded Inhalable Microsphere to Treat COPD.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Inhalable Nanomaterial Discoveries for Lung Cancer Therapy: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Formononetin-Loaded PLGA Large Porous Microparticles via Intratracheal Instillation for Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Optimizing Process Parameters for Controlled Drug Delivery: A Quality by Design (QbD) Approach in Naltrexone Microspheres.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Determination of moxifloxacin in milk using a ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on Ag-MOF@curcumin.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Recent Updates in Inhalable Drug Delivery System against Various Pulmonary Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives.Current drug delivery · 2024Review
- Optimization of Potential Nanoemulgels for Boosting Transdermal Glimepiride Delivery and Upgrading Its Anti-Diabetic Activity.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- What's old is new again: Insights into diabetic foot microbiome.World journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Development and Characterization of Pullulan-Based Orodispersible Films of Iron.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Development of a porous layer-by-layer microsphere with branched aliphatic hydrocarbon porogens.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Innovative Therapeutic Approaches Based on Nanotechnology for the Treatment and Management of Tuberculosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Inhalable microparticles as drug delivery systems to the lungs in a dry powder formulations.Regenerative biomaterials · 2023Review
- Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles UsingPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Vardenafil-Loaded Bilosomal Mucoadhesive Sponge for Buccal Delivery: Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation.Polymers · 2022Article
- Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Gliptins againstBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present study, the objective was to attain a localized lung delivery of an anti-tubercular fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin (MXF), targeting the alveolar macrophages through a non-invasive pulmonary route using inhalable microspheres as a dry powder inhaler approach. MXF-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MXF-PLGA-MSs) were fabricated by solvent evaporation technique and optimized by using a central composite statistical design. The morphology and particle size, as well as the flowability of the optimized microspheres, were characterized. In addition, the aerosolization performance of the optimized formula was inspected using an Andersen cascade impactor. Furthermore, in vivo fate following intrapulmonary administration of the optimized formula was evaluated. The optimized MXF-PLGA-MSs were spherical in shape with a particle size of 3.16 µm, drug loading of 21.98% and entrapment efficiency of 78.0%. The optimized formula showed a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.85 ± 1.04 µm with a favorable fine particle fraction of 72.77 ± 1.73%, suggesting that the powders were suitable for inhalation. Most importantly, in vivo studies revealed that optimized MXF-PLGA-MSs preferentially accumulated in lung tissue as manifested by a two-fold increase in the area under the curve AUC
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.