ArticleCancers2021
Remodeling of the Lymph Node High Endothelial Venules Reflects Tumor Invasiveness in Breast Cancer and is Associated with Dysregulation of Perivascular Stromal Cells.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of systemic immune modulation in tumor development: Interactions across lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Nonmetastatic Para-aortic Lymph Node Remodeling as a Predictor of Outcome in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Podoplanin-defined tumour plasticity and CCR7-mediated lymphatic metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Immune remodeling of tumor-draining lymph nodes: mechanistic determinants of checkpoint blockade responsiveness.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanobiological and microenvironmental roles of lymph nodes in cancer: implications for lymph node de-escalation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting high endothelial venules: potential strategies for cancer treatment.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- MIFA: Metadata, Incentives, Formats and Accessibility guidelines to improve the reuse of AI datasets for bioimage analysis.Nature methods · 2025Review
- VEGFD/VEGFR2 axis induces the dedifferentiation of high endothelial venules and impairs lymphocyte homing.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Transient Lymphatic Remodeling Follows Sub-Ablative High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy in a 4T1 Murine Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Spatially resolved atlas of breast cancer uncovers intercellular machinery of venular niche governing lymphocyte extravasation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Lymphatic transport in anti-tumor immunity and metastasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Inflammation switches the chemoattractant requirements for naive lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes.Cell · 2025Article
- Lymphoid stroma in all its states.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pipelines for lymphocyte homeostasis maintenance during cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Computational methods for metastasis detection in lymph nodes and characterization of the metastasis-free lymph node microarchitecture: A systematic-narrative hybrid review.Journal of pathology informatics · 2024Review
- Targeting the tumour vasculature: from vessel destruction to promotion.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Protective fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Lymphocyte homing and recirculation with tumor tertiary lymphoid structure formation: predictions for successful cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Localization, tissue biology and T cell state - implications for cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are primary sites for induction of tumor immunity. They are also common sites of metastasis, suggesting that tumor-induced mechanisms can subvert anti-tumor immune responses and promote metastatic seeding. The high endothelial venules (HEVs) together with CCL21-expressing fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are essential for lymphocyte recruitment into the LNs. We established multicolor antibody panels for evaluation of HEVs and FRCs in TDLNs from breast cancer (BC) patients. Our data show that patients with invasive BC display extensive structural and molecular remodeling of the HEVs, including vessel dilation, thinning of the endothelium and discontinuous expression of the HEV-marker PNAd. Remodeling of the HEVs was associated with dysregulation of CCL21 in perivascular FRCs and with accumulation of CCL21-saturated lymphocytes, which we link to loss of CCL21-binding heparan sulfate in FRCs. These changes were rare or absent in LNs from patients with non-invasive BC and cancer-free organ donors and were observed independent of nodal metastasis. Thus, pre-metastatic dysregulation of core stromal and vascular functions within TDLNs reflect the primary tumor invasiveness in BC. This adds to the understanding of cancer-induced perturbation of the immune response and opens for prospects of vascular and stromal changes in TDLNs as potential biomarkers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.