ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Disrupting Insulin and IGF Receptor Function in Cancer.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Linking Hyperuricemia to Cancer: Emerging Evidence on Risk and Progression.Current oncology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Immune and Growth Factor Signaling Pathways Are Associated with Pathologic Complete Response to an Anti-Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Regimen in Patients with Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- XENERA-1: a randomised double-blind Phase II trial of xentuzumab in combination with everolimus and exemestane versus everolimus and exemestane in patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and non-visceral disease.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Trial
- mRNA and protein expression of fetal insulin receptor in breast cancer cell lines and tissues.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Engineering isoform-selective miniprotein binders to the fetal form of the insulin receptor.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026Article
- Targeted therapy in thyroid cancer: molecular alterations and clinical management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Telomere length promotes colorectal cancer through dual parallel pathways involving growth signaling and protein metabolism.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- mRNA and Protein Expression of Fetal Insulin Receptor in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular crosstalk between GPCR and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase in neuroblastoma: molecular mechanism and therapeutic implications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Identifying antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of insulin receptor isoform A.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Role of microRNAs in triple‑negative breast cancer and new therapeutic concepts (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- Decoding the Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Its Isoforms in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Tobacco Smoking-Associated Lung Cancer Development.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Next-Cell Hypothesis: Mechanism of Obesity-Associated Carcinogenesis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays an important role in regulating normal cell proliferation and survival. However, the IGF system is also implicated in many malignancies, including breast cancer. Preclinical studies indicate several IGF blocking approaches, such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have promising therapeutic potential for treating diseases. Uniformly, phase III clinical trials have not shown the benefit of blocking IGF signaling compared to standard of care arms. Clinical and laboratory data argue that targeting Type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) alone may be insufficient to disrupt this pathway as the insulin receptor (IR) may also be a relevant cancer target. Here, we review the well-studied role of the IGF system in regulating malignancies, the limitations on the current strategies of blocking the IGF system in cancer, and the potential future directions for targeting the IGF system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.