ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2021
The innate immune system in diabetic retinopathy.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between the progression of diabetic retinopathy and inflammasome biomarkers in vitreous and serum - a systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Integrating immune-cell transcriptomic data with Mendelian randomisation reveals novel causal genes for type 2 diabetes and its complications.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Study on the application effect of intelligent follow-up based on KPAI theory in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-derived 2-Hexadecenal is a central mediator of ocular neovascularization by inhibiting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate receptor 5.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Core-shell nanotherapeutics for diabetic cataract and retinopathy: current state-of-the-art and translational challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Qiming granules regulate Müller cell pyroptosis and the P2X7R/NLRP3 immune inflammatory pathway in diabetic retinopathy.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced Glycation End-Products Contribute to Delayed Diabetic Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing via the TLR4 Signaling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Modulation of Immunity: Mechanisms, Implications, and Emerging Therapeutic Horizons; a Step Toward Epigenetics to Precision.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone in retinal disorders and uveitis: an updated review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Identification of angiogenesis-related hub genes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy via integrated transcriptomics and machine learning.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- HLA-A drives diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis: multi-omics integration reveals resveratrol's therapeutic potential via immunomodulation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Cognition-Eye-Brain Connection in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum Revealed by Multimodal Imaging.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Article
- Diabetic retinopathy classification using a multi-attention residual refinement architecture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HDGF derived from Müller cells enhances the activation of microglia in diabetic retinopathy.Journal of biomedical research · 2025Article
- Prospective evaluation of soluble CD14 as a biomarker following five aflibercept treatments in diabetic macular edema.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Corneal nerve abnormalities in early-stage diabetic retinopathy evaluated by corneal confocal microscopy.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The Role of Fractalkine in Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting mitophagy in diabetic retinopathy: novel insights into SQSTM1/BNIP3L pathway regulated by luteolin.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- PSCP, a novel reactive sulfur donor, activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Identifying Therapeutic Targets and Potential Drugs for Diabetic Retinopathy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Immune Infiltration.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently the most common cause of vision loss in working-age adults in the United States. Historically, DR has been diagnosed and classified clinically based on what is visible by fundoscopy; that is vasculature alterations. However, recent technological advances have confirmed pathology of the neuroretina prior to any detectable vascular changes. These, coupled with molecular studies, and the positive impact of anti-inflammatory therapeutics in DR patients have highlighted the central involvement of the innate immune system. Reminiscent of the systemic impact of diabetes, immune dysregulation has become increasingly identified as a key element of the pathophysiology of DR by interfering with normal homeostatic systems. This review uses the growing body of literature across various model systems to demonstrate the clear involvement of all three pillars of the immune system: immune-competent cells, mediators, and the complement system. It also demonstrates how the relative contribution of each of these requires more extensive analysis, including in human tissues over the continuum of disease progression. Finally, although this review demonstrates how the complex interactions of the immune system pose many more questions than answers, the intimately connected nature of the three pillars of the immune system may also point to possible new targets to reverse or even halt reverse retinopathy.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.