ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2021
Association between filum terminale internum length and pain in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without syringomyelia.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- MRI-derived three-dimensional modelling reveals cervicothoracic subarachnoid space narrowing in syringomyelia-affected cavalier king charles spaniels.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Diagnosis, surgery, and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in 12 dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Breed-specific variations in canine spinal cord anatomy: conus medullaris and dural sac termination and filum terminale internum length.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Anatomical and histological characterization of the filum terminale in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Occult tethered cord syndrome: insights into clinical and MRI features, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes in 30 dogs with confirmed or presumptive diagnosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Holocord syringomyelia in 18 dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Activity patterns are associated with fractional lifespan, memory, and gait speed in aged dogs.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association between filum terminale internum length and pain in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without syringomyelia.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLumbar syringomyelia (SM), lumbosacral pain, and more caudal spinal cord termination are reported in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Data are lacking on the clinical relevance of alterations in their spinal cord terminal structures.
objectivesTo compare spinal cord termination level and filum terminale internum length (FTIL) with presence of lumbar SM and clinical signs in CKCS. ANIMALS: Forty-eight CKCS.
methodsIn this prospective study, pain was quantified using owner and clinician assessments. Vertebral level of spinal cord and dural sac termination, presence of SM, and FTIL were determined from sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Kappa and intraclass correlation (ICC) analyses determined interobserver reliability. The MRI findings were compared to owner and clinician-reported pain quantification.
resultsInterobserver reliability was good for spinal cord and dural sac termination (kappa = 0.61 and 0.64, respectively) and excellent for FTIL (ICC: 92% agreement). The spinal cord terminated at 6th lumbar vertebra in 1, 7th lumbar vertebra in 31, and the sacrum in 15 dogs, and termination level was associated with lumbar SM (P = .002) but not clinical signs. Mean FTIL was 2.9 ± 1.08 mm; it was associated with owner-reported pain (P = .033) and spinal palpation scores (P = .023). Painful CKCS without SM had shorter FTIL compared to normal CKCS and painful CKCS with SM (P = .02).
conclusionsPainful CKCS without SM have decreased distance between the termination of the spinal cord and dural sac, suggesting a shorter FTIL. More caudal spinal cord termination is associated with development of lumbar SM.
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