ArticleKidney international reports2021
A Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Glomerular Disease.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chapter 3: Management of kidney injury caused by cancer drug therapy, from clinical practice guidelines for the management of kidney injury during anticancer drug therapy 2022.International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Guideline
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Rituximab as Rescue Therapy for Atezolizumab-Induced IgA Vasculitis.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Report from the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus Conference.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Sustained remission of NELL-1-positive membranous nephropathy after lung adenocarcinoma resection and during subsequent atezolizumab therapy in a 68-year-old man: a case report.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Risk of Glomerular Disease: A Large Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Ten tips for kidney biopsy in cancer patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Biopsy-Confirmed Acute Interstitial Nephritis in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Renal toxicity during VEGF-pathway inhibition in cancer: a practical review of proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney-limited thrombotic microangiopathy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Single-Center Perspective of Glomerular Pathology in Patients Treated with Checkpoint Inhibitors.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Mice with a Human Immune System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- C3 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Anti-complement Factor B Antibodies Following Anti-cancer Treatment With Pembrolizumab.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- The nephrotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies: consensus report of the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for nephrologists.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- Durvalumab-associated membranous nephropathy: a case report and brief literature review.CEN case reports · 2026Review
- ANCA-negative pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with nivolumab in lung cancer.CEN case reports · 2026Article
- Rituximab for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced glomerulonephritis.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Drug-related proteinuria: a vigilance analysis based on the FAERS database.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used to treat cancers. Kidney immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) are now well recognized, with the incidence of IRAEs ranging from 2% to 5%. Most of the initial data related to kidney IRAEs have focused on acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). There are minimal data on the types and relative frequencies of glomerular diseases associated with ICIs, their treatment, and outcomes.
methodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all biopsy-proven published cases/series of glomerular pathology associated with ICIs. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception to February 2020. We abstracted patient-level data, including demographics, cancer and ICI therapy details, and characteristics of kidney injury.
resultsAfter screening, 27 articles with 45 cases of biopsy-confirmed ICI-associated glomerular disease were identified. Several lesion types were observed, with the most frequent being pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (GN) and renal vasculitis (27%), podocytopathies (24%), and complement 3 GN (C3GN; 11%). Concomitant AIN was reported in 41%. Most patients had ICIs discontinued (88%), and nearly all received corticosteroid treatment (98%). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was required in 25%. Most patients had full (31%) or partial (42%) recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI), although 19% remained dialysis-dependent, and approximately one-third died. Complete or partial remission of proteinuria was achieved in 45% and 38%, respectively.
conclusionMultiple forms of ICI-associated glomerular disease have been described. Pauci-immune GN, podocytopathies, and C3GN are the most frequently reported lesions. ICI-associated glomerular disease may be associated with poor kidney and mortality outcomes. Oncologists and nephrologists must be aware of glomerular pathologies associated with ICIs and consider obtaining a kidney biopsy specimen when features atypical for AIN are present.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.