ArticleCritical care research and practice2020
Sleep Promotion among Critically Ill Patients: Earplugs/Eye Mask versus Ocean Sound-A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.
Article in Critical care research and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Ear Plug, Eye Mask and Ocean Sound on Sleep Quality Among ICU Patients
Effects of White Noise and Earplugs Applied During Coronary Angiography on Patients' Physiological Parameters, Pain, Comfort and Procedure Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep quality assessment in hospitalized postoperative surgical patients: a COSMIN-based systematic review.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Eye Masks and Earplugs Interventions for Sleep Promotion in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Impact and efficacy of sound machine on sleep in hospitalized adults: A systematic review.Sleep medicine: X · 2025Review
- Article
- Sleep during and following critical illness: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2023Review
- Factors Influencing Sleep Quality in Open-Heart Patients in the Postoperative Intensive Care Unit.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoor sleep quality is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), where several factors including environmental factors contribute to sleep deprivation.
objectiveThis study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound on sleep quality among ICU patients.
designA true experimental crossover design was used.
methodsNocturnal nine-hour (10 : 00 pm to 7 : 00 am) for a four-night period were measured. Earplugs and eye mask versus ocean sound were crossed over between two groups. Subjective sleep quality of four nights was assessed using a structured sleep quality scale. Scores for each question range from 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating poor sleep quality.
resultsRepeated measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant change in the sleep quality score (
conclusionEarplugs and eye mask were better than ocean sound in improving sleep quality. Earplugs, eye mask, and ocean sound are safe and cost effective, which could be used as an adjuvant to pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality among ICU patients. However, further research in this area needs to be conducted. This trial is registered with NCT03215212.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.