ArticleNew microbes and new infections2021
Oral probiotics in coronavirus disease 2019: connecting the gut-lung axis to viral pathogenesis, inflammation, secondary infection and clinical trials.
Article in New microbes and new infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Probiotics Compared With Pharmacological Treatments for Maintenance Therapy for Functional Constipation in Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Alteration of the Gut-Lung Axis After Severe COVID-19 Infection and Modulation Through Probiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Distinct actions of the humid heat environment on host gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal immunity, neuroendocrinology in influenza A virus-infected mouse.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Probiotics: multifunctional microorganisms for human health and biotechnological applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dietary Supplementation of Compound Probiotics Improves Intestinal Health by Modulated Microbiota and Its SCFA Products as Alternatives to In-Feed Antibiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Evolution of Antiviral Drug Resistance in SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Review
- Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Mitigates the Contribution of the Pathobiont GenusMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota: a potential influencer of insomnia occurring after COVID-19 infection.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Editorial: The interplay of gut-microbiome between infection and inflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Acute intestinal GVHD following donor-derived CD7-CAR-T-cell infusion in a child with Omicron COVID-19.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2023Article
- Biomaterials and Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotics: Current Status and Future Prospects in Biomedical Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Potential of Probiotics as Ingestible Adjuvants and Immune Modulators for Antiviral Immunity and Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Particles from Rectal Swab Samples from COVID-19 Patients in Brazil.Viruses · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota and synbiotic foods: Unveiling the relationship in COVID-19 perspective.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- A Tale of Two Pandemics: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat.Clinics and practice · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A culture-based method.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Defined as helpful live bacteria that can provide medical advantages to the host when administered in tolerable amounts, oral probiotics might be worth considering as a possible preventive or therapeutic modality to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom severity. This hypothesis stems from an emerging understanding of the gut-lung axis wherein probiotic microbial species in the digestive tract can influence systemic immunity, lung immunity, and possibly viral pathogenesis and secondary infection co-morbidities. We review the principles underlying the gut-lung axis, examples of probiotic-associated antiviral activities, and current clinical trials in COVID-19 based on oral probiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.