ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2020
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neuroimmune-glutamate hypothesis of addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Ethanol induces neuroimmune dysregulation and soluble TREM2 generation in a human iPSC neuron, astrocyte, microglia triculture model.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- TLRs/PI3K/AKT1B Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Modulation of Neuroinflammation in the Rat Hippocampus by Alpha-pinene in Morphine-dependent and Withdrawing Rats.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Microbiome-derived metabolites in substance use disorders: Mechanisms and implications.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- Psilocybin reduces heroin seeking behavior and modulates inflammatory gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male rats.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Beyond weight loss: exploring the neurological ramifications of altered gut microbiota post-bariatric surgery.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Microphysiological system to address the opioid crisis: A novel multi-organ model of acute opioid overdose and recovery.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Alterations in Circular RNAs circOprm1 and circSerpini in the Striatum are Associated with Changes in Spatial Working Memory Performance after Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- The Inflammation/NF-κB and BDNF/TrkB/CREB Pathways in the Cerebellum Are Implicated in the Changes in Spatial Working Memory After Both Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal in Rat.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Psilocybin reduces heroin seeking behavior and modulates inflammatory gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Macroscopic and Microscopic Cerebral Findings in Drug and Alcohol Abusers: The Point of View of the Forensic Pathologist.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery: Translatability to Human Studies, and Future Research Directions.Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 antagonists reduce cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- The toll of opioid dependence: A research report on the possible role of Toll-like receptor-4 and related immune markers in opioid dependence.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- Immunotherapeutic treatment of inflammation in mice exposed to methamphetamine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Role of Glia in Addiction: Dopamine as a Modulator of Glial Responses in Addiction.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) in the nucleus accumbens regulates opioid-seeking behavior in male rats.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Glucocorticoid Receptor-Regulated Enhancers Play a Central Role in the Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying Drug Addiction.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Novel Target to Tackle Drug Addiction?Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emphasis of neuronal alterations and adaptations have long been the main focus of the studies of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug addiction. Recent studies have begun to appreciate the role of innate immune system, especially toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in drug reward-associated behaviors and physiology. Drugs like opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants activate TLR4 signaling and subsequently induce proinflammatory responses, which in turn contributes to the development of drug addiction. Inhibition of TLR4 or its downstream effectors attenuated the reinforcing effects of opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants, and this effect is also involved in the withdrawal and relapse-like behaviors of different drug classes. However, conflicting results also argue that TLR4-related immune response may play a minimal part in drug addiction. This review discussed the preclinical evidence that whether TLR4 signaling is involved in multiple drug classes action and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, clinical studies which examined the potential efficacy of immune-base pharmacotherapies in treating drug addiction are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.