ReviewBMC rheumatology2021
The PD-1:PD-L1 axis in Inflammatory Arthritis.
Review in BMC rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in Cancer patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Understanding the Inflammatory Aspect of Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Inflammatory protein mediators linking gut microbiota to degenerative lumbar spine disorders: cross-disease genetic evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bridging B-cell autoimmunity and oncology: the PD-1/PD-L1 paradox in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- PD-L1 as a Potential Inducer for NF-κB Pathway Activation in M1-Type Macrophages During Sepsis: An Integrated Analysis Based on GEO Public Database and Multi-Omics Data.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- PD-L1 mediates M1 polarization of macrophages via the AIM2/IL-18/STAT1 signaling axis during sepsis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in autoimmune diseases: breaking conventional barriers to restore immune tolerance.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Advanced Immunomodulation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Immune Checkpoints, microRNAs, and Cell-Based Therapies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Negative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Soluble Co-Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Molecules Are Increased in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica Without Significant Correlations With Clinical Status: A Case-Control Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Transitional and CD21BMC rheumatology · 2025Article
- Improved acid-driven inhibition of effector T cell function by a pHLIP variant-conjugated PD-L1.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint-induced arthritis: a comprehensive single-cohort descriptive analysis from clinical evaluation to histology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Serum miRNA-186-3P and miRNA-382-3P constitute a novel Diagnostic miRNA signature for palindromic rheumatism.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sea Hare Hydrolysate Reduces PD-L1 Levels in Cancer Cells and Mitigates Rheumatoid Arthritis Ina Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint molecules performance in ANCA vasculitis.RMD open · 2024Article
- Shedding Light on the Role of Exosomal PD-L1 (ExoPD-L1) in Cancer Progression: an Update.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Review
- PD-L1 Expression in Nonbacterial Chronic Cystitis and Bladder Cancer.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Insufficient PD-1 expression during active autoimmune responses: a deep single-cell proteomics analysis in inflammatory arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The activation of antigen specific T cells during an immune response is a tightly regulated process at the level of both costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors. One such coinhibitory receptor or checkpoint inhibitor which has received much attention in the field of oncology is the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Blockade of PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 has proven successful in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers, therefore highlighting an important role for this pathway in anti-tumour immune responses. However, a caveat of PD-1 therapy and boosting anti-tumour immune responses is the development of self-reactive T cells which can lead to the induction of various autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, referred to as immune- related adverse events (irAEs). The emergence of rheumatological irAEs such as Inflammatory Arthritis (IA) in recent years has highlighted the importance of PD-1 in maintaining self-tolerance. Furthermore, the emergence of rheumatology related irAEs raises an important question as to how defects in this pathway can contribute to spontaneous rheumatological disease. In this review, we describe the biological distribution, function and regulation of the PD-1 pathway, its potential role in IA and irAE related IA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.