ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- The Japanese Translation Study of the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Evaluating sex and gender as separate and interactive predictors of memory aging trajectory classes: an integrative data-driven approach.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Nutritional Status and Olfaction in Association with Cognitive Impairment Amongst Older Adults with Long COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment among widowed older adults in India: a decomposition analysis of gender gap.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Different types of working after retirement on the changes in cognitive function among taiwanese retirees: 3-year follow-up study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Heterogeneous Activity Profiles in Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis and Validation With Health Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Examining the reversal hypothesis on socioeconomic status and noncommunicable diseases, and gender disparities in China: a nationwide longitudinal analysis between 1991 and 2020.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Physical Functioning and Cognition in Two Central European Populations.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Alzheimer's disease and dementia in Japan: Epidemiological trends, regional disparities, and future projections.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in cognitive trajectories and practice effects in a cohort of older Londoners: The role of risk factors.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and its Influencing Factors in the Elderly Population in Huzhou City.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Multivariate decomposition of gender differentials in cognitive impairment among older adults in India based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-2018.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in Predictors of Physical Functioning Limitations Among the Elderly Population in Serbia: A Population-Based Modeling Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Mapping inequalities in the health of older adults around the world: Heterogeneities in cognitive and physical functioning.Vienna yearbook of population research · 2025Article
- Late-life psychiatric factors and life satisfaction are associated with cognitive errors: evidence from an experimental module of a large-scale survey in India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Decline: A UK Biobank Study.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in the Trajectories of Cognitive Decline and Affected Cognitive Domains Among Older Adults With Controlled and Uncontrolled Glycemia.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Real-World Data-Derived Pharmacovigilance on Drug-Induced Cognitive Impairment Utilizing a Nationwide Spontaneous Adverse Reporting System.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Gender Selectively Mediates the Association Between Sex and Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well known that females generally live longer than males, but women tend to suffer from more illnesses and limitations than men do, also for dementia. However, limited empirical evidence is available why this 'male-female health-survival paradox' is observed. This study aimed to investigate factors which account for gender differences in health, particularly cognitive functioning and decline among older adults.
methodsData were retrieved from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, which is a longitudinal survey of a nationwide representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 or over. Gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline in three-year follow-ups were decomposed using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis, regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors into the 'explained' component, by differences in individual attributes listed above, and the 'unexplained' component.
resultsEmpirical analyses showed that women's lower cognitive functioning was partly explained by the endowment effect. Moreover, a shorter duration of formal education and a larger proportion with their longest occupation being domestic worker accounted for steeper cognitive decline and more prevalent mild cognitive impairment in women than in men.
conclusionThis empirical study suggested that gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline account for different individual attributes of social determinants among men and women. Particularly, men seem to be more engaged in activities which accumulate intellectual experiences through education and occupation, as suggested by the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.