Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33423276›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2021

Early life adversity, pubertal timing, and epigenetic age acceleration in adulthood.

Elissa J Hamlat, Aric A Prather, Steve Horvath, Jay Belsky, Elissa S Epel

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
24.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Lifetime trauma exposure and accelerated epigenetic aging among midlife women.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. The Impact of Early Life Adversity on Peripubertal Accelerated Epigenetic Aging and Psychopathology.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  14. A Call to Integrate Measures of Environmental Context into Research on Maternal Brain Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Review
  15. Maternal childhood adversity accelerates epigenetic aging of children.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Quantification of Epigenetic Aging in Public Health.Annual review of public health · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Elissa J HamlatUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7339-8222
Aric A PratherUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steve HorvathUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jay BelskyUniversity of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Elissa S EpelUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Psychology & Medicine: Translational Research on Stress, Behavior and DiseaseT32MH019391 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ADLER, NANCY E, EPEL, ELISSA S. · 1991 to 2022
$4.4M
Validation and optimization of epigenetic clocksU01AG060908 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI RITZ, BEATE R. · 2018 to 2022
$3.4M
Early Life Adversity, Cumulative Life Stress, Race, and Cellular Aging in Midlife Women and OffspringR01AG059677 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EPEL, ELISSA S., LARAIA, BARBARA A · 2019 to 2021
$1.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS L30 HL154404NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059677NIA NIH HHS U01 AG060908NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019391
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGiven associations linking early life adversity, pubertal timing, and biological aging, we examined the direct and indirect effects of early life trauma on adult biological aging (via age of menarche).

methodsParticipants were premenopausal women (N = 183). Path models evaluated whether early life trauma predicted early pubertal timing and thereby, adult epigenetic age acceleration (indexed via four epigenetic clocks: Horvath DNAm Age, Hannum DNAm Age, DNAm PhenoAge, and DNAm GrimAge). Secondary analyses explored the effects of type of trauma (abuse and neglect) and adult chronic stress status (caregiver of child with autism and non-caregiver).

resultsEarly life trauma and earlier age at menarche independently predicted accelerated aging based on one of the four epigenetic clocks, DNAm GrimAge, though early life trauma was not associated with age of menarche. Childhood abuse, but not neglect, predicted faster epigenetic aging; results did not differ by chronic stress status.

conclusionsEarly trauma and early menarche appear to exert independent effects on DNAm GrimAge, which has been shown to be the strongest epigenetic predictor of mortality risk. This study identifies a potential correlate or determinant of accelerated epigenetic aging-menarcheal age. Future research should address the limitations of this study by using racially diverse samples.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesAccelerationAdultAgingDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticEpigenomicsFemaleHumansAdolescentAgingEarly ExperienceStress

Identifiers

PMID33423276
PMCPMC8271092
OpenAlexW3120808506

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.