ArticleCancer chemotherapy and pharmacology2021
A phase I study of intravenous fenretinide (4-HPR) for patients with malignant solid tumors.
Article in Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancements in pediatric tissue engineering: scaffold-based and cell-driven approaches.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Review
- Fenretinide in cancer therapy and chemoprevention: past, present and future.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2026Review
- The association between 4-HPR-mediated LCN2 suppression and reduced intestinal cell senescence in ulcerative colitis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- A Review Discussing Synthesis and Translational Studies of Medicinal Agents Targeting Sphingolipid Pathways.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Sphingolipid metabolism and regulated cell death in malignant melanoma.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Review
- Preclinical evaluation of fenretinide against primary and metastatic intestinal type‑gastric cancer.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- A nanoencapsulated oral formulation of fenretinide promotes local and metastatic breast cancer dormancy in HER2/neu transgenic mice.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Attempts to Improve Lipophilic Drugs' Solubility and Bioavailability: A Focus on Fenretinide.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Phase I trial of intravenous fenretinide (4-HPR) plus safingol in advanced malignancies.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2023Article
- Preparation and Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions for the Solubilization of Fenretinide.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fenretinide in Cancer and Neurological Disease: A Two-Face Janus Molecule.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Synthetic Heterocyclic Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors Tested for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Vitamin A and Retinoids in Bladder Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, Challenges and Future Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFenretinide is a synthetic retinoid that can induce cytotoxicity by several mechanisms. Achieving effective systemic exposure with oral formulations has been challenging. An intravenous lipid emulsion fenretinide formulation was developed to overcome this barrier. We conducted a study to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous lipid emulsion fenretinide in patients with advanced solid tumors.
methodsTwenty-three patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard treatments received fenretinide as a continuous infusion for five consecutive days in 21-day cycles. Five different dose cohorts were evaluated between doses of 905 mg/m
resultsThe treatment-related adverse events occurring in ≥ 20% of patients were anemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fatigue, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase, thrombocytopenia, bilirubin increase, and dry skin. Five evaluable patients had stable disease as best response, and no patients had objective responses. Plasma steady-state concentrations of the active metabolite were significantly higher than with previous capsule formulations.
conclusionFenretinide emulsion intravenous infusion had a manageable safety profile and achieved higher plasma steady-state concentrations of the active metabolite compared to previous capsule formulations. Single-agent activity was minimal but combinatorial approaches are under evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.