ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2021
Population pharmacokinetics of unbound valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients in China: a protein binding model.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling-Based Evaluation of Current Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid Dosing Guidelines for Pediatric Epilepsy Treatment.Paediatric drugs · 2025Article
- Prediction Trough Concentrations of Valproic Acid Among Chinese Adult Patients with Epilepsy Using Machine Learning Techniques.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Population pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in children with epilepsy: Implications for dose tailoring when switching from oral syrup to sustained-release tablets.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Sources of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability and clinical pharmacology studies of antiseizure medications in the pediatric population.Clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- Effects of Sex Differences and Combined Use of Clozapine on Initial Dosage Optimization of Valproic Acid in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Monitoring of the trough concentration of valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients: a machine learning-based ensemble model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Modeling the protein binding non-linearity in population pharmacokinetic model of valproic acid in children with epilepsy: a systematic evaluation study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Combined cell grafting and VPA administration facilitates neural repair through axonal regeneration and synaptogenesis in traumatic brain injury.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Article
- Effects of genetic polymorphism of drug-metabolizing enzymes on the plasma concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in Chinese population.Bioengineered · 2022Review
- Machine learning advances the integration of covariates in population pharmacokinetic models: Valproic acid as an example.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Switching Between LC-ESI-MS/MS and EMIT Methods for Routine TDM of Valproic Acid in Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy: What Clinicians and Researchers Need to Know.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to establish a protein binding model of unbound valproic acid (VPA) based on Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy and provide a reference for clinical medication.
methodsA total of 313 patients were included and both their total and unbound VPA concentrations (375 pairs of concentrations) were measured. NONMEM software was used for population pharmacokinetic modeling. The stepwise method was used to screen the potential covariates. Goodness-of-fit plot, bootstrap, and visual predictive check were used for model evaluation. In addition, dose recommendations for typical patients aged 0 to 16 years were proposed by Monte Carlo simulations.
resultsA one-compartment model of first-order absorption and first-order elimination was used to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of unbound VPA, and the linear non-saturable binding equation was introduced to describe the protein binding. Body weight, age-based maturation, and co-medicated with lamotrigine could affect the CL/F of unbound and bound VPA. Model evaluation showed satisfactory robustness of the final model. The dosing regimens for children aged 0 to 16 years were proposed based on the final established model.
conclusionWe developed a population pharmacokinetic model of unbound and bound VPA that took account of protein binding. The VPA dosing regimen in pediatric patients with epilepsy needs to be optimized by the body weight, age, and co-medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.