ArticleEBioMedicine2021
Infectious titres of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in patient lesions, methodological considerations in evaluating HPV infectivity and implications for the efficacy of high-level disinfectants.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Reducing the risk of transmitting infection during ultrasound examination-Updated 2026.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Integrative molecular diagnostics for HPV-driven cervical carcinogenesis: a translational review of mechanisms and multimodal risk stratification.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Disinfectant-induced bacterial resistance and antibiotic cross-resistance-mechanisms and clinical relevance.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Identification and Characterization of MmuPV1 Causing Papillomatosis Outbreak in an Animal Research Facility.Viruses · 2025Article
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- Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Protamine Sulfate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Papillomavirus InfectionAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- The long and winding road: human papillomavirus entry and subcellular trafficking.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- Electrochemical Resistive DNA Biosensor for the Detection of HPV Type 16.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- New approaches for infective HPV detection, quantification and inactivation: Preventing accidental virus transmission in medical settings.EBioMedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent publications from a single research group have suggested that aldehyde-based high-level disinfectants (HLDs), such as ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), are not effective at inactivating HPVs and that therefore, patients may be at risk of HPV infection from medical devices. These results could have significant public health consequences and therefore necessitated evaluation of their reproducibility and clinical relevance.
methodsWe developed methods and used standardised controls to: (1) quantify the infectious levels of clinically-sourced HPVs from patient lesions and compare them to laboratory-derived HPVs, (2) evaluate experimental factors that should be controlled to ensure consistent and reproducible infectivity measurements of different HPV genotypes, and (3) determine the efficacy of select HLDs.
findingsA novel focus forming unit (FFU) infectivity assay demonstrated that exfoliates from patient anogenital lesions and respiratory papillomas yielded infectious HPV burdens up to 2.7 × 10
interpretationThis work, along with a companion publication from an independent lab in this issue, address a major public health question by showing that HPVs are susceptible to HLDs.
fundingAdvanced Sterilization Products; US NIH (R01CA207368, U19AI084081, P30CA118100).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.