Observational studyEnvironment international2021
Prenatal exposure to multiple metals and birth outcomes: An observational study within the National Children's Study cohort.
Observational study in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal exposure to mercury during pregnancy and birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal Anemia and Pediatric Neurodevelopment in Children from Mothers Exposed to Mixed Heavy Metals in Suriname.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Maternal and Newborn Factors Associated with Meconium Metal Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study.Toxics · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and the risk of overweight and obesity in school-aged children: insights from metabolomic profiling.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Impact of a prenatal exposure mixture of metals on DNA methylation-derived cell-type composition in cord blood.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress-Related Metabolomic Alterations in Pregnancy: Evidence from Exposure to Air Pollution, Metals/Metalloid, and Tobacco Smoke.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Potentially toxic metals in umbilical cord blood as a biomarker for passive smoker women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Exposure to Environmental Metal Mixtures Among Pregnant Women in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Association between maternal blood lead levels and prevalence of dental caries in the primary dentition of children.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Association of maternal blood mercury concentration during the first trimester of pregnancy with birth outcomes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between Liver and Kidney Function and Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Surinamese Women Exposed to Mercury and Lead in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH) Environmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Article
- Possible Risk Factors and Their Potential Associations with Combined Heavy Metal Exposures in Pregnant Women in the Republic of Suriname.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Assessing lead exposure in U.S. pregnant women using biological and residential measurements.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From an E-Waste Area in China.GeoHealth · 2023Article
- Metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixtures and birth outcomes in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study: Beyond single-class mixture approaches.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Individual, Independent, and Joint Associations of Toxic Metals and Manganese on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Results from the MIREC Canadian Pregnancy Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Non-essential and essential trace element mixtures and kidney function in early pregnancy - A cross-sectional analysis in project viva.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrenatal exposure to metals may play an important role in fetal growth. However, the epidemiologic evidence for certain metals is sparse, and most of the existing research has focused on evaluating single metals in highly exposed target populations.
objectivesWe evaluated associations of cadmium, lead, manganese, selenium, and total mercury exposures during pregnancy with fetal growth using data from mother-infant pairs participating in the National Children's Study.
methodsPrenatal metal exposures were measured using maternal blood collected from 6 to 32 weeks of gestation. Birth outcomes, including gestational age, birthweight, birth length, head circumference, and ponderal index, were ascertained through physical measurement at birth or abstraction from medical records. Regression coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated from multivariable linear regression models in the overall study population as well as among male and female infants. We further evaluated pairwise metal-metal interactions.
resultsSex-specific associations were observed for lead, with inverse associations for birthweight, birth length, head circumference, and gestational age observed only among female infants. Sex-specific associations were also observed for selenium, with a positive association for birthweight observed among male infants; selenium was also positively associated with ponderal index and inversely associated with birth length among female infants. Overall, total mercury was inversely associated with birthweight and ponderal index, and the association with birthweight was stronger among female infants. No significant associations were observed with cadmium and manganese. In the metal-metal interaction analyses, we found evidence of a synergistic interaction between lead and total mercury and antagonistic interaction between selenium and total mercury with selected birth outcomes.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that prenatal exposure to metals may be related to birth outcomes, and infant sex may modify these associations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.