ArticleAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2021
Diagnostic testing for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, United States, 2010 to 2018.
Article in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perioperative Considerations for Alpha-Gal Syndrome: A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience in a Highly Endemic Area.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CRISPR-mediated engineering of bovine satellite cells for Alpha-Gal Syndrome-compatible cultivated meat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Alpha-Gal syndrome unveiled: decoding the glycan-driven red meat allergy.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Review
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Childhood-onset alpha-gal syndrome in the central black sea region: real-world data on diagnostic delays, age-specific clinical patterns, environmental risk factors, and anaphylaxis predictors.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome in the Heartland: Dietary Restrictions, Public Awareness, and Systemic Barriers in Rural Kansas.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Living close to the forest is a risk factor for galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions by Antivenom Type and Geographic Location in the North American Snake Bite Registry (NASBR).Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025Article
- Onset of Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Tick Bite, Washington, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Single-cell mRNA analysis and surface marker expression profiling of circulating immune cells in humans with alpha-gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Often Hidden, Under-Recognized, and in Need of Attention-A Rapid Review.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- The BiteBarrier perimeter: A passive spatial device for tick control and bite prevention.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Alpha-gal syndrome and the gastrointestinal reaction: a narrative review.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Review
- Increasing prevalence of galactose-α-1,3-galactose sensitization in the Danish general adult population.Allergy · 2025Article
- Mammalian Meat Allergy and IgE to Alpha-Gal in Central Virginia: Findings From a COVID-19 Vaccine and Patient Cohort.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Article
- Intrinsic risk factors for alpha-gal syndrome in a case-control study, 2019 to 2020.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Emerging Trends in Information-Seeking Behavior for Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Infodemiology Study Using Time Series and Content Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an emerging immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). The geographic distribution and burden of AGS in the United States are unknown.
objectiveTo characterize alpha-gal IgE testing patterns and describe the trends and distribution from 2010 to 2018 in the United States.
methodsThis retrospective analysis included all persons tested for alpha-gal IgE antibodies by Viracor-IBT Laboratories (Lee's Summit, Missouri), the primary site of testing in the United States. Data included age and sex of person tested, specimen state of origin, collection date, and result value; persons with at least 1 positive test result (≥0.1 kU/L) were compared with negatives. Proportions tested and with positive test results were calculated using the US Census population estimates.
resultsOverall, 122,068 specimens from 105,674 persons were tested for alpha-gal IgE during July 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. Nearly one-third (34,256, 32.4%) had at least 1 positive result. The number of persons receiving positive test results increased 6-fold from 1110 in 2011 to 7798 in 2018. Of those receiving positive test results, mean [SD] age was 46.9 (19.8) years; men were more likely to test positive than women (43.3% vs 26.0%). Arkansas, Virginia, Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Missouri had the highest number of persons who were tested and had a positive result per 100,000 population.
conclusionMore than 34,000 persons, most presumably symptomatic, have received positive test results for IgE antibodies to alpha-gal, suggesting AGS is an increasingly recognized public health problem. The geographic distribution of persons who tested positive is consistent with exposure to Amblyomma americanum ticks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.