Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33422063›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2021

Development of an M cell targeted nanocomposite system for effective oral protein delivery: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization.

Jae Geun Song, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyo-Kyung Han

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  4. Treatment of diabetic wound based on hypoglycemic and antioxidant.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
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  5. Article
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  8. Intestinal Peyer's Patches: Structure, Function, and In Vitro Modeling.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jae Geun SongBK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea.
Sang Hoon LeeBK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea.
Hyo-Kyung HanBK21 FOUR Team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Dongguk-ro-32, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Korea. hkhan@dongguk.edu.
Dongguk University · KR

Funding

the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2018R1A5A2023127the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2019R1A2C2004873
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a strong need for non-invasive and patient-friendly delivery systems of protein drugs for long-term therapy. However, oral delivery of protein drugs is a big challenge due to many barriers including instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and low permeability. To overcome the absorption barriers in GI tract and improve the patient compliance, this study aimed to develop an M cell targeted-nanocomposite delivery system of protein drugs.

resultsAn aminoclay-protein core complex (AC-Ins) was prepared by using insulin as a model protein and then sequentially coated with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) for M-cell targeting and the pH sensitive polymer, Eudragit® L100 (EUAC-Ins). All nanoparticles were obtained with a high entrapment efficiency (> 90%) and their structural characteristics were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Among the developed nanoparticles, EUAC-Ins effectively suppressed drug release at pH 1.2, while rapidly released drugs at pH 6.8 due to dissolution of the outer coating layer. The conformational stability of insulin entrapped in EUAC-Ins was well maintained in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Compared to free insulin, EUAC-Ins increased the membrane transport of insulin by 4.4-fold in M cells. In parallel, oral administration of EUAC-Ins in mice enhanced insulin uptake by 4.1-fold in the intestinal Peyer's patches and 2.6-fold in intestinal epithelium tissues with normal villi, compared to free insulin. Orally administered EUAC-Ins decreased significantly the blood glucose level in diabetic mice, while the effect of oral insulin solution was negligible.

conclusionAn M cell targeted-ternary nanocomposite system obtained by dual coating of the aminoclay-protein core complex with UEA-1 and a pH dependent polymer is promising as an effective oral protein delivery carrier.

Indexed as

Administration, OralAnimalsBlood GlucoseCaco-2 CellsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationInsulinMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNanocompositesNanoparticlesBlood GlucoseDrug CarriersInsulinmethylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymerPolymethacrylic AcidsAminoclayInsulinM cell targetingNano-carrierOral delivery system

Identifiers

PMID33422063
PMCPMC7796596
OpenAlexW3119749244

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.